四级考试前记住常用的英文缩写

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四级考试前记住常用的英文缩写

　　在英语四级考试中，有时候会遇上一些缩写，要是认不出来可就尴尬了。并且记住一些四级常用的英文缩写，对于写作文也是有不少的好处的，下面是小编整理的四级考试前记住常用的英文缩写，一起来看看吧！

四级考试前记住常用的英文缩写

　　四级考试前记住的英文缩写

　　a.d. (公元): anno domini

　　cv (简历): curriculum vitae

　　e.g. (例如): exempli gratia

　　etc. (等等…): et cetera

　　et al. (等人)： et alii

　　i.e. (即是): id est

　　ph.d. (博士): philosophi doctor

　　p.s. (附言): post scriptum

　　r.i.p. (息止安所): requiescat in pace

　　rps：石头剪刀布(rock-paper-scissors)，一种猜拳(finger-guessing)的游戏

　　app：是 application 的缩写

　　bmw：宝马，全称为巴伐利亚机械制造厂股份公司bayerische motoren werke

　　4s店~零售(sale)、零配件(sparepart)、售后服务(service)、信息反馈(survey)~

　　pdf，全称portable document format 译为便携文档格式

　　dota全称是defense of the ancients

　　① ielts–international english language testing system 雅思;

　　② toefl–test of english as a foreign language 托福;

　　③ gre–graduate record examination 美国研究生入学考试;

　　④ gmat–graduate management admissions test 研究生管理专业入学考试

　　a.m.是ante meridiem(拉丁文)的缩写;

　　p.m.是post meridiem(拉丁文)的缩写

　　ante是字首，意为在时间、顺序、位置上在前;

　　post是字首，意为在时间、顺序上在后。

　　meridiem意为正午。所以ante meridiem是before noon; post meridiem是after noon.

　　atm：automated teller machine 自动取款机

　　crm：customer relationship management 客户关系管理

　　erp：enterprise resource planning 企业资源计划

　　gps：global positioning system 全球定位系统

　　pos：point of sales 刷卡机

　　it：information technology 信息技术

　　cd：compact disc 压缩光盘

　　bbs: bulletin board system 论坛

　　fw: forward 转发

　　cc: carbon copy 抄送

　　bcc: blind carbon copy 秘送

　　encl.: enclosure 随信附上

　　英语四级考试必备词汇及短语、简写

　　一、英语四级考试需要掌握大量的词汇，以下是一些必须掌握的词汇：

　　1.常见的英文单词：这些单词在日常生活和学习中经常使用，包括数字、颜色、时间、天气、方向、食物、动物等等。

　　2.常用词汇：这些词汇是在日常英语中使用频率非常高的，比如：think、know、want、need、like、love、hate、happy、sad、angry等等。

　　3.高频词汇：这些词汇是四级考试中出现频率较高的，包括名词、动词、形容词和副词等，如：advantage、disadvantage、benefit、satisfy、succeed、improve、convenient、efficient等等。

　　4.学术词汇：这些词汇是学术文献和论文中使用频率非常高的，比如：methodology、research、analysis、experiment、hypothesis、theory、conclusion等等。

　　5.常用短语：这些短语在英语交流中也经常被使用，包括问候、告别、请求、邀请等等，如：How are you?、Nice to meet you、Can you help me?、Would you like to join us?等等。

　　6.常用缩略语和简写：这些缩略语和简写在英文阅读和写作中也会经常出现，比如：etc.、i.e.、e.g.、Mr.、Mrs.、Dr.等等。

　　以上是一些英语四级考试必须掌握的词汇，需要通过大量的阅读、听力、口语和写作练习来加深记忆和理解。

　　二、以下是一些英语四级考试常见的英文单词归纳：

　　数字：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety, hundred, thousand, million.

　　颜色：red, blue, green, yellow, orange, purple, pink, brown, black, white, gray, grey.

　　时间：year, month, week, day, hour, minute, second, morning, afternoon, evening, night.

　　天气：sunny, cloudy, rainy, snowy, windy, stormy.

　　方向：north, south, east, west, northeast, southeast, northwest, southwest.

　　食物：fruit, vegetable, meat, fish, rice, noodles, bread, cake, cheese, milk, tea, coffee, water, juice, soda.

　　动物：dog, cat, bird, fish, horse, cow, sheep, pig, chicken, duck, goose, rabbit, elephant, lion, tiger, monkey, bear.

　　三、以下是一些英语四级考试常用词汇的归纳：

　　名词：person, place, thing, idea, time, year, month, week, day, hour, minute, second, life, love, family, job, school, student, teacher, book, movie, music, art, science, technology, business, government, society, culture, history, environment, health, sports, travel, food, fashion.

　　动词：be, have, do, say, get, make, go, take, see, come, want, know, think, feel, say, like, love, hate, enjoy, need, use, help, work, study, learn, teach, write, read, speak, listen, watch, play, travel, meet.

　　形容词：good, bad, happy, sad, angry, tired, busy, easy, difficult, interesting, boring, beautiful, ugly, rich, poor, young, old, new, old, high, low, big, small, long, short, fast, slow, hot, cold.

　　副词：very, really, quite, too, well, badly, slowly, quickly, carefully, easily, hard, often, always, sometimes, never, now, then, soon, already, just, still.

　　连词：and, or, but, so, because, if, when, while, although, however, therefore.

　　介词：in, on, at, to, from, with, by, for, about, of, off, out, up, down, over, under, between, among.

　　需要注意的是，这些词汇只是四级考试词汇量的冰山一角，还需要通过大量的阅读、听力、口语和写作练习来加深记忆和理解。

　　四、以下是一些英语四级考试常见高频词汇的归纳：

　　名词：people, time, year, work, way, day, world, life, school, government, company, family, group, problem, case, system, fact, point, man, woman.

　　动词：be, have, do, say, get, make, go, take, come, see, know, think, look, want, give, use, find, tell, ask, feel, become, leave, put, seem, may, might, should, must.

　　形容词：good, new, first, last, long, great, little, own, other, old, right, big, high, different, small, large, next, early, young, important.

　　副词：now, also, just, even, still, there, however, only, already, ever, never, often, almost, usually, sometimes, together, perhaps, recently.

　　介词：in, on, at, to, from, by, with, about, for, of, over, before, after, during, against, among.

　　连词：and, or, but, so, because, although, since, while, until, whether.

　　需要注意的是，这些词汇只是四级考试词汇量的一部分，还需要通过大量的阅读、听力、口语和写作练习来加强记忆和掌握用法。同时，考生还需要掌握词汇的各种变形形式，如名词的单复数、动词的时态、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级等。

　　五、以下是一些英语四级考试学术词汇的归纳：

　　名词：research, study, experiment, analysis, data, result, conclusion, theory, hypothesis, concept, method, technique, application, development, progress, trend, phenomenon, principle, model, variable.

　　动词：research, study, investigate, analyze, measure, evaluate, observe, experiment, test, prove, demonstrate, hypothesize, conceptualize, formulate, design, develop, apply, implement, optimize, generalize, validate.

　　形容词：empirical, theoretical, experimental, statistical, quantitative, qualitative, systematic, logical, rigorous, reliable, valid, significant, representative, innovative, efficient, effective, sustainable, interdisciplinary.

　　副词：statistically, empirically, theoretically, systematically, rigorously, logically, significantly, effectively, efficiently, sustainably, quantitatively, qualitatively, methodologically.

　　介词：in, on, at, with, for, of, by, from, to, through, across, beyond, within, between, among.

　　连词：and, or, but, so, because, although, however, therefore, thus, hence, moreover, furthermore, nonetheless.

　　英语四级考试学术词汇的归纳，这些词汇是在学术领域中经常使用的词汇，考生需要通过大量的阅读、听力和写作练习来熟悉和掌握这些词汇的用法。同时，还需要掌握学术写作的特点和规范，如引用、注释、参考文献等，以便更好地完成英语四级考试中的学术写作任务。

　　六、以下是一些英语四级考试常用短语的归纳：

　　表达观点：in my opinion, from my perspective, as far as I am concerned, personally speaking, it seems to me that, in my view, I believe that, I think that, I am convinced that, I suppose that.

　　表示重要性：be of great importance, be essential to, play a vital role in, be critical to, be crucial for, have a significant impact on, be key to, be fundamental to, be imperative for, be indispensable to.

　　表示解释：in other words, that is to say, to put it simply, in simpler terms, to be more precise, more specifically, to clarify, to elaborate, to expand on, to explain further.

　　表示比较：in comparison to/with, by contrast, on the other hand, whereas, while, unlike, similarly, likewise, in a similar manner, in the same way.

　　表示因果关系：as a result, consequently, therefore, thus, hence, due to, owing to, because of, on account of, as a consequence.

　　表示举例：for example, for instance, such as, namely, in particular, to illustrate, to demonstrate, to give an example, to show.

　　表示总结：in conclusion, to sum up, in summary, to conclude, all in all, overall, to summarize, in brief, to recapitulate.

　　表示强调：above all, first and foremost, most importantly, primarily, essential, crucially, significantly, notably, particularly.

　　表示提出建议：it is suggested that, it is recommended that, one possible solution is, one effective way is, it is advisable to, it is essential to, it is important to, one thing that could be done is.

　　表示目的：in order to, so as to, for the purpose of, with the aim of, with a view to, to achieve, to accomplish, to attain, to reach.

　　表示时间先后：at first, first of all, initially, in the beginning, then, next, afterwards, subsequently, finally, in the end.

　　表示观点转变：on the one hand, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, despite, although, even though, whereas, while.

　　表示引出原因：due to, owing to, because of, on account of, thanks to, as a result of, as a consequence of, attributable to, on the grounds of, in the light of.

　　表示引出影响：have an impact on, exert an influence on, affect, result in, give rise to, lead to, cause, contribute to, bring about, generate.

　　表示引出解决方案：one possible solution is, one effective way is, it is suggested that, it is recommended that, a good approach is, a practical solution is, one thing that could be done is, to overcome this issue, to address this problem.

　　表示引出重要性：be of great significance, be crucial for, be critical to, play a vital role in, be essential to, be of paramount importance, be fundamental to, be imperative for, have a profound impact on, be key to.

　　表示引出对比：in comparison to/with, by contrast, on the one hand/on the other hand, whereas, while, unlike, similarly, likewise, in a similar manner, in the same way.

　　表示引出结果：as a result, consequently, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, so, as a consequence, inevitably, unavoidably.

　　通过对这些短语的掌握和应用，考生可以更好地表达自己的观点，同时也可以更好地理解和分析阅读材料中的内容。在备考过程中，考生需要注意这些短语的搭配和用法，尤其是在写作中需要根据具体语境灵活运用这些短语。

　　七、在英语四级考试中，除了词汇和短语之外，缩略语和简写也是考生需要掌握的重要内容之一。以下是一些常见的英语四级考试常用缩略语和简写：

　　ASAP: As Soon As Possible

　　DIY: Do It Yourself

　　ETC: Et Cetera

　　GPA: Grade Point Average

　　HR: Human Resources

　　IQ: Intelligence Quotient

　　NGO: Non-Governmental Organization

　　RSVP: Répondez Sil Vous Plat

　　CEO: Chief Executive Officer