英语四级阅读真题资源

　　现如今，我们需要用到考试真题的情况非常的多，借助考试真题可以检测考试者对某方面知识或技能的掌握程度。你知道什么样的考试真题才是好考试真题吗？下面是小编整理的英语四级阅读真题资源，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。

　　英语四级阅读真题资源 1

　　Forecasting of Statistics

　　Nearly two thousand years have passed since a census decreed by Caesar Augustus become part of the greatest story ever told. Many things have changed in the intervening years. The hotel industry worries more about overbuilding than overcrowding, and if they had to meet an unexpected influx, few inns would have a manager to accommodate the weary guests. Now it is the census taker that does the traveling in the fond hope that a highly mobile population will stay long enough to get a good sampling. Methods of gathering, recording, and evaluating information have presumably been improved a great deal. And where then it was the modest purpose of Rome to obtain a simple head count as an adequate basis for levying taxes, now batteries of complicated statistical series furnished by governmental agencies and private organizations are eagerly scanned and interpreted by sages and seers to get a clue to future events. The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census takers made out, and as regards our more immediate concern, the reliability of present day economic forecasting, there are considerable differences of opinion. They were aired at the celebration of the 125th anniversary of the American Statistical Association. There was the thought that business forecasting might well be on its way from an art to a science, and some speakers talked about newfangled computers and high-falutin mathematical system in terms of excitement and endearment which we, at least in our younger years when these things mattered, would have associated more readily with the description of a fair maiden. But others pointed to the deplorable record of highly esteemed forecasts and forecasters with a batting average below that of the Mets, and the President-elect of the Association cautioned that “high powered statistical methods are usually in order where the facts are crude and inadequate, the exact contrary of what crude and inadequate statisticians assume.” We left his birthday party somewhere between hope and despair and with the conviction, not really newly acquired, that proper statistical methods applied to ascertainable facts have their merits in economic forecasting as long as neither forecaster nor public is deluded into mistaking the delineation of probabilities and trends for a prediction of certainties of mathematical exactitude.

　　1. Taxation in Roman days apparently was based on

　　[A]. wealth. [B]. mobility. [C]. population. [D]. census takers.

　　2. The American Statistical Association

　　[A]. is converting statistical study from an art to a science.

　　[B]. has an excellent record in business forecasting.

　　[C]. is neither hopeful nor pessimistic.

　　[D]. speaks with mathematical exactitude.

　　3. The message the author wishes the reader to get is

　　[A]. statisticians have not advanced since the days of the Roman.

　　[B]. statistics is not as yet a science.

　　[C]. statisticians love their machine.

　　[D].computer is hopeful.

　　4. The “greatest story ever told” referred to in the passage is the story of

　　[A]. Christmas. [B]. The Mets.

　　[C]. Moses. [D]. Roman Census Takers.

　　词汇解析

　　1. census 人口调查

　　2. decreed 分布法令

　　3. influx 汇集，流入(人口或物)

　　4. census taker 人口调查员

　　5. in the intervening years 在这期间

　　6. sampling 取样(调查)

　　7. presumable 可能的，可推测的

　　8. batteries 一连串，一系列

　　9. sage 圣人;聪明的(人—)

　　10. seer 先知

　　11. newfangled 新型的(贬义)

　　12. high-falutin 夸大的，夸张的

　　13. deplorable 悲惨的，杂乱的

　　14. batting average 平均成功率(原指击球平均得分数)

　　15. ascertainable 可以确定的/确切的

　　16. delineation 描述

　　17. exactitude 精确

　　1. The hotel industry worries more about overbuilding than overcrowding, and if they had to meet an unexpected influx, few inns would have a manager to accommodate the weary guests.

　　[结构简析] 复合句。And后为虚拟条件句。

　　[参考译文] 旅馆业就忧虑旅馆建的太多，不愁人太多。但是如果他们不得不碰到意想不到大批旅客，没有什么旅馆会有一位经理去安排疲惫不堪的客人的食宿。

　　答案详解

　　1. C. 人口。答案在第六句，“那时罗马计算人头作为征税的适当基础，目的很简单。”

　　A. 财富。 B. 流动性。 C. 人口调查员。

　　2. A. 正把统计研究从文科转变成理科。这是从第六句开始讲的一种观点。“现在，政府机构和私人组织的一系列复杂的统计数字，由智者和先知人物殷切地浏览和解释以取得预先外未来事件的线索。圣经并没有告诉我们罗马的人口调查员是怎么调查统计的。至于我们当前更加关心的问题：目前经济预测的'可靠性，意见分歧很大。美国统计协会125周年庆祝活动上，人们在大肆宣扬这些不同观点。有一种说法是经济预测可能正从文科转向科学(理科)发展。有些人兴高采烈大谈新型计算机和非常高级数学系统。”作者虽然没有明说，明眼人一看便知，艺术向科学转变正是美国统计协会在把统计学从文科转向理科。所以A. 对。

　　B. 在商业预测方面具有杰出的记录。不对。实际上“平均成功率还低于the Mets”

　　C. 既没有希望也不乐观。文内没有提及。只提作者他们半喜半忧离开协会。

　　D. 以数学的精确性来说话。见下道题解释。协会部分人却有此看法“数学精确性。”

　　3. B. 统计学(到现在为止)还不是一门科学(理科)。文章最后几句话。“连统计协会的主席也告戒说高能统计法在实际材料原始和不允许的地方一般发挥正常。这跟低级的，不合适的统计员所假定的正好相反。我们怀着忧“希”掺半的心情离开周年庆祝宴会，怀着确实不是新近才有的信念，相信应用于确切材料上恰当的统计法在经济预测中有它的贡献，只要预测人员和公众不受蒙蔽，误呆板所述概率和趋势当作数学精确无比的预测就行。”

　　A. 统计员从罗马时代起就没向前进步过。 C. 统计员爱计算机。这两项文内没有提到。 D. 计算机前程远大。文内只讲了有些人怀着兴高采烈的心情大讲新型计算机和非常高级数学“系统”，暗示了计算机大有希望。但不是所有人都这样认为的。最重要的计算机的应用并不能改变这个事实：统计学不是立刻，而是文科。所以B. 对。

　　4. A. 基督，圣诞节，指基督的诞生。圣经中的一个故事。

　　B. the Mets. 圣经中率领希伯莱人出埃及的领袖，也作放债的犹太人讲。 C. 摩西。 D. 罗马人口调查员。

　　英语四级阅读真题资源 2

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You Endure

　　[A] As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with (继续处理) the emails that have inevitably still piled up.

　　[B] Why should flying deplete us? We’re just sitting there doing nothing. Why can’t we be tougher, more resilient (有复原力的) and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.

　　[C] We often take a militaristic, “tough” approach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.

　　[D] The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery—whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones—is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity.

　　[E] And just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. We “stop” work sometimes at 5pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. In a study just released, researchers from Norway found that 7.8% of Norwegians have become workaholics(工作狂). The scientists cite a definition of “workaholism” as “being overly concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.”

　　[F] We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American workers, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U.S. Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers.

　　[G] The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3am to finish a science fair project. What a distortion of resilience! A resilient child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn’t have the cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self-control with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we’re young only magnify when we hit the workforce.

　　[H] As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout. Gathering your resources to “try hard” requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousal level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. The value of a recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.

　　[I] So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning, you’ll have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next day. That’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing.

　　[J] If you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. As researchers Zijlstra, Cropley and Rydstedt write in their 2014 paper: “Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work—e.g. in the free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.” If after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.

　　[K] If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times you turn on your phone each day. You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5 hours a day.

　　[L] In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends—not talking about work. Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of promotion.

　　[M] As for us, we’ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet connection make work more challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone.

　　36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.

　　37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.

　　38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one’s work efficiency.

　　39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.

　　40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.

　　41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.

　　42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.

　　43. The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.

　　44. People’s distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing.

　　45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.

　　答案：

　　36.D

　　37. J

　　38. L

　　39. A

　　40. E

　　41. K

　　42. I

　　43.B

　　44. G

　　45. C

　　四级阅读理解答案：词汇理解

　　26. G)habitats

　　【语法判断】marine是形容词，表示“海洋的”，后面应该跟一个名词。符合条件的名词有experiences(经验)、exterior(外部)、habitats(栖息地)、investment(投资)、territory(领土)、victim(受害人)。

　　【语意判断】从上下文可知，暗礁是潜泳和保护海洋______的圣地，所以应该选habitats，海洋栖息地。

　　27. M)stripped

　　【语法判断】此处谓语不完整，要填写动词，由was可知要使用被动语态。符合条件的动词有depressed(使…沮丧)、stripped(剥夺、剥离)。

　　【语意判断】被沉下去的A300被______了所有有可能对环境有害的东西，所以应该选stripped，被剥离了。

　　28. A)create

　　【语法判断】此处是倒装句，the sunken plane will后面应该跟动词原形。符合条件的动词有create(创作、创造)、innovate(发明)。

　　【语意判断】被沉默的飞机不仅仅将会给人工暗礁的生长_____完美的骨架，所以应该选create，创造出。

　　29. L)stretches

　　【语法判断】主句缺少谓语，主语是the plane，应该选择动词的第三人称单数。符合条件的动词有experiences(经历)、stretches(延展到)

　　【语意判断】这个飞机____总长度54米，所以应该选stretches，延展到。

　　30. C)eventually

　　【语法判断】where引导的从句有完整的主谓宾结构，空格处应该填写副词。符合条件的副词有eventually(最后，终于)、intentionally(故意地、有意地)。

　　【语意判断】在这个地方，潜水者将_______能够探索机舱和….，因为是在飞机沉下去以后，潜水者才能够进行探索，所以应该选eventually，最终

　　31. F)exterior

　　【语法判断】由plane’s可知此处为所有格，应该填一个名词。符合条件的名词有experiences(经验)、exterior(外部)、investment(投资)、territory(领土)、victim(受害人)。

　　【语意判断】潜水者最终可以探索机舱和飞机的_____，潜水者会探索飞机的`内部和外部，所以应该选exterior，外部。

　　32. J)investment

　　【语法判断】由that代词可知，此处应该填写一个名词。符合条件的名词有experiences(经验)、investment(投资)、territory(领土)、victim(受害人)。

　　【语意判断】他们(投资者)希望通过旅游业看到在_____上的回报，又从前一句知道投资者在飞机上花了大量的金钱，所以应该选择investment，投资上的回报。

　　33. O)victim

　　【语法判断】由定冠词the和介词of可知，此处应该填写一个名词。符合条件的名词有experiences(经验)、territory(领土)、victim(受害者)。

　　【语意判断】土耳其这个国家是几起致命的恐怖袭击的______，由上文可知，土耳其的旅游业出现了下滑的趋势，他们受到了恐怖袭击的影响，所以应该选victim，受害者。

　　34. I)intentionally

　　【语法判断】sunk修饰aircraft表示被沉没的飞机，此处可以填写一个形容词和sunk并列修饰aircraft，也可以是一个副词修饰形容词sunk。符合条件的形容词有depressed(沮丧的)、revealing(透露真情的、有启迪作用的);符合条件的副词有intentionally(故意地、有意地)。

　　【语意判断】A300是的______被沉没的飞机，由上下文可知，这架飞机是被人为地沉没到海底地，所以此处应该选intentionally，故意被沉没的飞机。

　　35. E)exploring

　　【语法判断】and并联连词连接taking和填空部分，形式应与taking保持一致，动词的现在分词形式。符合条件的动词有exploring(探索)、revealing(揭露)。

　　【语意判断】经历一场水下旅行和_______沉没的A300内部，由语意可知，应该选择exploring，探索内部。

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