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公共英语pets3阅读冲刺试题及答案2016
Part A
Directions:
Read the following two texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark
your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1
Americans are getting ready for the biggest soccer event in the world. For the first time the world cup soccer competition will be held in the United States. While millions play the game around the world, soccer or football has only recently become popular here. It is only in the last 30 years that large numbers of young Americans became interested in soccer. Now it is the fastest growing sport in the country. A recent study found that almost 18 million young boys and girls play soccer in the United States.
The study also found that soccer is beginning to replace more traditional games like American football as the most popular sport among students. And so, when the world cup begins next week, more than one million Americans are expected to go and see the teams play. Organizers say this year' s world cup will be the biggest ever. All the seats at most of the 52 games have already been sold.
Soccer has been played in the United States for a little more than one hundred years. But how did the sport come to this country? And how long has it existed in other parts of the world? No one knows exactly where the idea for soccer came from, or when people began playing the game. Some scientists say there is evidence that ball games using the feet were played thousands of years ago. There is evidence that ancient Greeks and Romans and native American Indians all played games sim- ilar to soccer.
Most experts agree that Britain is the birthplace of modem soccer. They also agree that the British spread the game around the world. Unlike the game today, which uses balls of man-made material or leather, early soccer balls were often made of animal stomachs. The rules of early soccer games also differed from those we have today.
26. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text?
[A] Americans were preparing for the world cup when the author wrote this article.
[ B ] More younger Americans became interested in soccer in the last 30 years.
[ C] Soccer is the fastest developing sport in the world.
[ D ] The article was written before the world cup held in the United States.
27. Which was the most popular sport as a traditional game among students?
[ A ] Basketball.
[ B ] American football.
[C] Soccer.
[D] Tennis.
28. For how long has soccer been played in the United States?
[ A] About a hundred years.
[ B ] About fifty years.
[ C ] Only recently.
[ D ] About thirty years.
29. Who invented the modem soccer game?
[ A ] American Indians.
[ B ] British.
[c] Geeks
[D] Romans.
30. What is the author going to state in the next paragraph?
[A] There have been attempts to start a professional soccer organization in the U. S..
[ B ] In the 12th century soccer games in Britain often involved whole towns.
[C] Professional soccer grew quickly in Europe.
[D] Experts believed that the United States would win.
Text 2
The cohesiveness(内聚力 ) of a family seems to rely on members sharing certain routine prac- tices and events. For a growing share of the American labor force, however, working shifts beyond the normal daylight hours--what we here call "shift work"--makes the lives of families difficult.
Existing re.search shows that both male and female shift workers express high levels of stress and a sense of conflict between the demands of work and family life. But shift work couples still maintain a traditional attitude to the meaning of marriage and the individual roles of husband and wife. They expressed a willingness to do "whatever it takes" to approximate their view of a proper marriage,in- cluding sacrificing sleep and doing conventional things at unconventional hours. For the majority of couples interviewed, even when wives worked outside their homes, a proper marriage is character- ized by a very clear division of roles: husbands are "providers" whose major responsibility is to sup- port the family ;wives arc "homemakers" who clean, cook, and care for husbands and children.
The women's definitions of a "good husband" are typified by the following wife's response:
I expect him to be a good provider, and be there when I need him, loyal about the same things as he would expect out of me,expect that I expect him to dominate over me. But in a manner of speak- ing, wben it' s time to be a man I expect him to stand up instead of sitting back expecting me to do everything.To husbands,a good wife is someone who is:
Understanding of what I feel go through at work. I need that respect at work,I hope I get it al work. I want my wife to realize what I expect at work. I don' t want her to give me a lot of shil when I come home from work because I don' t know if this makes much sense.
These views seemed critical to maintain the families of the shift workers.
31. Despite , shift work couples still hoped to maintain a stable life.
[ A ] traditional beliefs about marriage
[ B ] Jack of control over time
[ C ] a very clear division of roles
[ D ] the demands of work
32. From the selection, we can conclude that female shift workers were NOT satisfied with
[A] their work
[ B ] their children
[ C ] their husbands' inability to protect the family and provide companionship
[D] leisure activities
33. What is implied by the author?
[ A 1 Shift work had a direct effect on the attitudes and behavior of family members.
[ B ] Shift workers could live a normal life.
[ C] Shift work couples had unconventional ideas about marriage.
[ D ] Female shift workers were satisfied with the time spent together with their families.
34. In order to continue the marriages of the shift workers,
[ A] wives must learn to care for the children when their husbands are absent
[ B ] shift work couples must administer their time and activities
[ C ] wives mustn' t adapt their own feelings of boredom to their husbands'
[ D ] all of thesework
35. The best title for this paragraph is
[ A ] Constructing Family Life
[ B ] Managing Time and Activities
[ C ] The Meaning of Marriage
[ D ] Living a Normal Life
PartB
The greenhouse effect might be causing the change, but it' s a cycle that' s been tracked for about a hundred years and in the past 20 years or so it just stopped cycling. And this is only affecting a small part of the world. People talk about greenhouse effect because they want to show how much concern they have about the future of the world. Don' t be as silly as them.
Kac:
Spring just hits here, too. It' s so nice--windows open, the fresh air of changing seasons just lights me up. When I was younger this was the season for walking through the melting snow and ice, across roadsides, through square acre forests among the fields, I got so excited to be out in the wild. It' s tough to be in the city this time of year. Maybe I' 11 go camping soon !
Sofia:
In the city you don't have seasons. Spring rain does not make man-made structure grow, and wet roads are not inconvenient for you because you can move around in your car. Summer' s heat is no longer a problem and air-conditioning makes your rooms cool as autumn. The colors of the city don't change because nature is not powerful enough to change them as she changes the color of woods. Winter snow leaves nothing white but muddy roads.
harno:
Snow in Georgia is a funny thing. We have been having 24 hours weather news on the TV for the past week, just because there is a threat of snow. Schools have closed based on these predic- tions, and all we got was rain. But the rule is that if it sticks to the ground, school is canceled. It would be a great excuse to get the day off. People rush to the grocery store to buy milk and bread-- I don't know why, but they do. When I was growing up here we used to get one or two big snow- falls a year, but there has not been any for the last few. Damn global wanning.
Maeland:
It' s been so nice. I am of the firm belief that in February we get the day like cool autumn season in November... In February it' s like a warm period that' s been getting stronger and longer every year since my boyhood, and it gets defeated by the final blowing snowstorm of March at least once, but any- one can survive(生存)those snowstorms, since we all know they' 11 be gone in a few days.
Now match each of the people (36-40) to the appropriate statement.
Note: there are two extra statements.
Statements
36.Jennifer
37. Kac
38. Soscia
39. Harno
[ A ] Future is bright.
[ B ] Man conquers nature.
[ C ] We can see the effect of the pollution on the climate.
[ D ] Human beings have to struggle hard against weather.40. Macland
[ E ] The call of nature is there.
[ F ] He hates spring.
[ G ] Sometimes we worry too much about nothing.
Part C
Directions：
Reading the following text from which five sentences have removed.Choose from the$enl,ences A—G the most suitable one tofill each numbered gap in the text(41一45).There are Two extra senteaces that you do not need to use.Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET 1.
Everywhere you look.you see kids bouncing a basketball or waving a tennis racquet(网球拍).And these kids are getting younger and younger.In some countries，children Call compete on basketball，baseball，and volleyball teams starting at age nine. 41 And swimming and gymnastics classes begin at age four，to pmpare children for competition。
It’S true that a few of these kids will develop into highly skilled athletes and may even become members of the national Olympic teams. 42 This emphasis on competition in sports is haying serious negative effects.
Children who get involved in competitive sports at a young age often grow tired of their sport.
Many parents pressure their kids to choose one sport and devote all their time to it. 43 But66 percent of the young athletes wanted to play more than one sport for fun.
Another problem is the pmssure imposed by over—competitive parents and coaches.Children are not naturally competitive.In fact，a rec：ent study by Paulo David found that most children don't even understand the idea of competition until they ale seven years old.
The third，and biggest，problem for young athletes is the lack of time to do their homework， have fun，be with friends--in short，time to be kids.When they ale forced to spend every aftemotm at sports practice，they often start to hate their chosen sport.A searchers found that 70 percent of kids who take part ill competitive sports before the age of twelve quit before they turn eighteen. Excessive competitive away all the enjoyment.
Need to remember the purpose of youth spons—to give kids a chance to have developing stron9，healthy bodies.
[A]Survey found that 79 percent of parents of young athletes wanted their children to concentrate on one sports
[B ]Many of them completely lose interest in sports.
[c]Very young kids don’t know why their parents are pushing them SO hard. The
[d]young soccer organization has teams for children as young as five.
[e]children should have a regular time for sports.
[f] But what about the others，the average kids?
[g]Sports for children have two important purposes.
Part D
Directions：
Read thefollowing textfrom whwh lo words have been removed,Choosefrom the words A—-0 the most suitable one tofill each numbered gap in the text(46-55、.There are FlvE extra words that you do not need t0 use.Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET 1.
Just when you had figured out how to manage fat in your diet，researchers are now warning against another common mealtime pitfall(陷阱)--salt.
A study by researchers at the University of California，San Francisco(UCSF)，Stanford University and Columbia University shows that even a 46 decrease in daily salt intake(摄人) can lead to dramatic health benifit.The authors 47 an annual drop of as many as l20，000 cases of heart disease,66,000 48 of stroke and 99，000 heart attacks 49 by high blood pressure after a 3-9—per—day reduction in salt.
The advantages，not surprisingly，were greater for African Americans，who ale more likely to high blood pressure than other ethnic groups，and for the elderly，since blood vessels stiffen with age，which Call lead to higher blood pressure
“Everyone in the U.S.is consuming salt far in 51 of what is good for them，’’says lead author Dr.Kirsten Bibbins Domingo of UCSF.“What we are suggesting is that a population
wide effort to reduce salt intake，even 52 ，will have health benefits.’’
The team conducted a computer—based analysis to determine the 53
of a 3-g--per day reduction in salt intake on rates of heart disease and death.They also calculated the cost savings emerging from the amount of disease that would be 54 because of lower blood pressure. The conclusion：by cutting salt intake nationwide，the U.S.could save$10 billion to$24 billion 55 in health care costs.
[A]accidents[C]avoided[E]considerable
[G]documented[I]excess
[K]instances[M]revised
[O]undertakeannually caused develop dramatically
参考答案与译文
Part A
Text l
参考译文
美国准备着迎接世界上最大的足球盛宴，他们有史以来第一次承办了世界杯。当全世界有数以百万计的人在踢足球时，这项运动在关国才刚刚火热起来。大批美国青年人对足球感兴趣还是最近30年的事。但现在它是美国发展最快的运动。一项最近的调查显示大约有一千八百万的美国青年男女踢足球。
这项调查同样表明，足球已经开始代替更多的传统运动，比如橄榄球，成为学生当中最流行的运动。因此，世界杯下周开赛时预计去看球的美国人超过一百万。主办方声称这一届的世界杯会成为历史上最盛大的一届。52场比赛中大部分场次的座位已全部售完。
足球在美国仅仅有一百多年的历史，但这项运动是怎样流传到这个国家的?足球在世界其他地方存在多久了?没有人确切地知道足球是从哪里起源或是人们从什么时候开始踢足球。某些科学家表示，有证据证明用脚玩的球类运动几千年前就有了。现在也有证据显示古希腊、古罗马和美国土著印第安人玩类似于足球的运动。
大部分专家都承认英国是现代足球的发源地，他们同样也认为英国把足球传播到了世界各地。不同的是，现在比赛中用的足球是人造材料或是皮革质地，而过去使用的球常常是用动物的胃做的。早期足球比赛的规则也与现在有所不同。
答案及解析
26.c【解析】是非题。见文中第一段第五旬提到，足球在美国是发展最快的运动，但没有说在世界范围内是发展最快的运动。故选C。
27.B 【解析】细节题。见第二段第一句，“…soccer is beginning to replace more traditional games like American football as the most popular sport among students.”可知“American football”是在青少年中最为流行的传统运动。故选B。
28.A【解析】细节题。见第三段第一句话。
29.B【解析】细节题。见最后一段第一句，英国是现代足球的发明者。
30.B【精析】推理题。文中最后一段讲述了英国足球是现代足球的发明国，接下来就应该介绍一下足球在英国的发展才符合逻辑。故选B。
Text 2
参考译文
一个家庭的内聚力似乎要依靠家庭成员们一起做一些常规的事情来维系。然而由于美国劳动力人数的增多，在非正常工作时间的轮班工作，也就是我们通常所说的“换班工作”，使家庭生活面临困境。
现有的调查表明男性和女性的倒班工人都承认压力很大，工作和家庭生活的需求相互冲突。但是，从事换班工作的夫妇们仍然保持着对婚姻的意义和夫妻各自责任的传统观念。他们表示仍然愿意“不惜一切代价”实现他们认为正常的婚姻生活，譬如牺牲睡眠时间或是在非常规的时间去做一些惯例的事情。大多数接受采访的夫妇，甚至是那些妻子在外工作的家庭都认为，正常家庭生活的显著特点还是清楚的分工：丈夫是家庭的“支撑者”，他们主要的责任是养活全家，而妻子仍然是“主妇”。她们负责打扫、做饭、照顾丈夫和孩子。
以下是一个妻子对“好丈夫”的定义，这代表了所有女人的看法：
我希望他能养家。在我需要的时候陪在我身边，和我热衷于相同的事物。希望他也愿意支配我，就像我期望的那样。这么说吧，在需要他表现得像个男人的时候，我希望他挺身而出，而不是坐视不管，却想让我去处理一切。
丈夫们眼中的好妻子是这样的：
她要理解我在工作中的感受。我需要在工作时受尊重，我希望能在工作中找到受尊重的感觉。我要我的妻子明白我对工作的期望。我可不想每天下班回家的时候，她唠叨个没完洇为我也不知道这是否有意义。 以上的观点对于维护那些轮班工作的夫妻家庭是至关重要的。
答案及解析
31.B【解析】“shiftwork”意为“working shifts beyond the normal daylighthours”。而A、C选项中“traditional beliefs about marmge”，“a veryclear division of roles”均为“a stable life”的一部分，不符合题意。
32.c【解析】由文中“the women'S definitions of a good husband”可以看出C为正确答案。
33.A【解析】由文章主旨句“shiftwork makes the lives of families difficult”可知选A。
34.D【解析】联系全文，知A、B、c三项均正确。
35.C【解析】先排除D项，因全文围绕shiftwork展开，B项则太具体,A项则涵义过广,全文切入点为marriage。
PartB
参考译文
下面几段文字谈论了气候的变迁情况及各自对比的观点。
詹尼弗：
温室效应可能是造成这种变化的原因，但是这是一个追溯到l00年前的循环，并且在过去20年左右的时间里，这种循环停止了，这只影响了世界的一小部分，人们谈论温室效应是因为他们想显示自己有多关心世界的未来，不要像这些人一样愚蠢。
凯乐：
春天也来到这里了，这多美啊——打开窗户，换季的新鲜空气使我快乐。在我更小一些的时候，这个季节里我常常踩着正在融化的冰雪，走过路边，穿过田间大片大片的树林，呆在野外我是如此的兴奋。一年中的这个季节呆在城市里是很难受的，或许我应该马上去露营。
索西娅：
在城市里，没有四季的变换，春雨不会使人工建筑生长，潮湿的路面也不会使你不便，因为你坐在车里移动，夏热不再是问题，空调使你的房间像秋天一样凉爽。城市的颜色也不会变化，因为自然的力量不足以像改变树林的颜色那样来改变城市。冬雪没有使任何东西变白，留下的只是泥泞的道路。
哈诺：
佐治亚下雪是很有趣的事情，就像上个礼拜，电视上每天有24小时天气预报。就因为可能会下雪。因为这些预告，学校停课了，到最后却只下了雨。但是如果坚持到底的话，规则就是取消上课了，这是放假的好
借口。人们涌向杂货店去买牛奶和面包——我不知道为什么，但是他们这样做了。在我成长的时候，这里每年要下1—2场大雪，但是近几年却没有下过一场。该死的全球变暖!
麦克兰：
那多漂亮啊，我坚信在2月份我们拥有像秋天11月份那样凉爽的天气，从我的孩提时代起，二月份这个温暖的时期变得一年比一年强，一年比一年长，这个时期最终在3月至少一次的暴风雪之中结束，但是任何一个人都会熬过这些暴风雪，因为我们都知道它们只会持续几天。
答案及解析
36.G 37.E 38.B 39.C 40.A
36——40题解析略。
PartC
参考译文
四下望望，你会看到孩子们打篮球或挥舞网球拍。这些孩子正变得越来越年轻。在一些国家，儿童从九岁开始就可以参加篮球、棒球和排球队。少年足球组织有低至5岁的足球队。为了让孩子准备竞争，从四岁起他们就可以上游泳和体操班。
确实，有些孩子会发展成高度熟练的运动员，甚至可能成为国奥队的成员。但是其他普通的孩子呢?这种对体育竞争的强调存在着严重的负面影响。
孩子年幼的时候参与竞技体育会对其产生反感。许多父母迫使孩子们选择一种运动并全身心投入其中。调查发现79%的年轻运动员家长希望他们的孩子能够专心于从事一项体育运动。但是，66%的年轻运动员都想尝试多种运动。
另一个问题是过度竞争的父母和教练对孩子们所施加的压力。竞争不是孩子们的天性。事实上，保罗·戴维最近的一项研究发现，大多数孩子甚至直到七岁都不了解竞争的概念。幼小的孩童不懂为什么他们的父母把他们逼得那么紧。
第三，也是最大的问题是，年轻的运动员们没有时间做作业，玩耍，与朋友在一起。总之，时间应该属于孩子。当他们被迫每天下午练习体育，他们往往开始怀恨自己选择的运动。一个研究者发现，在十二岁之前参加竞技体育的孩子们有70%会在十八岁前放弃。他们中的很多人失去了对运动的兴趣。过度竞争夺走了所有的乐趣。
我们需要记住体育的目的——给孩子一个锻炼坚强体魄的机会。
答案及解析
41.D【解析】上一句说到“这些孩子正变得越来越年轻。在一些国家，儿童从九岁开始就可以参加篮球、棒球和排球队”;下一句说到“为了让孩子准备竞争，从四岁起他们就可以上游泳和体操班。”所以空格处也要谈有关低龄儿童和体育项目的内容，故选D。
42.F【解析】上一句说到“有些孩子会发展成高度熟练的运动员，甚至可能成为国奥队的成员”，其中a few是指出少部分孩子运动竞技成绩好，此处笔锋一转，转向大多数其他孩子。故选F。
43.A【解析】上一句说到，“许多父母追使孩子们选择一种运动并全身心投入其中”;后一句说到，“但是，66%的年轻运动员都想尝试多种运动。”这说明父母和孩子对待体育活动的态度不同，A项所述内容正好与后面But一句形成转折关系，进一步说明了父母的态度，故选A。
44.C【解析】上一句说到，“大多数孩子甚至直到七岁都不了解竞争的概念，”c项所述内容进一步说明幼小的孩子不明白竞赛的含义，故选C。
45.B【解析】上一句说到，“在十二岁之前参加竞技体育的孩子们有70%会在十八岁前放弃”，后一句说到，“过度竞争夺走了所有的乐趣”。因此，B项所述内容不仅补充前面的研究结果，且与后文形成递进关系。故选B。
Part D
参考译文
就在你了解如何控制饮食中的脂肪的时候，研究人员已经开始就饮食中另一个常见的健康威胁——盐，提出警告。
一项由加州大学旧金山分校、斯坦福大学和哥伦比亚大学的研究人员进行的研究显示，即便适量减少日常食盐的摄入量对健康都可带来极大的益处。研究的作者用文件展示了这一结果：每天减少3克食盐的摄入量，每年由高血压引起的心脏病患者可减少l20，000例，中风减少66。000例，心肌梗塞减少99，000例。
这样的结果对于非洲裔的美国人无疑更有利，因为他们比其他种族 更易患上高血压，这对老年人也是个福音，因为血管随着年龄增长老化 僵硬，也会引起血压升高。
“美国人食盐的摄入量远远超过健康需要的标准。”这项研究的第一 作者，加州大学旧金山分校的柯尔斯顿·罗宾斯·多明戈说。“我们所 倡议的，是一场全民范围的控盐运动，即便是微量的，也会让健康受益。” 研究团队进行了一项电脑分析，来检测每天减少3克食盐摄入量对 心脏病患病率和死亡率的影响。他们还计算了这样做能够节省多少资 金，因为它使得人们能够避免由于血压升高而患上其他疾病。得到的结 论是：通过全国范围的控盐运动，美国每年节省的医疗费用为100亿到 240亿美元。
答案及译文
46.L【解析】该处需填人形容词，修饰后面的名词decrease。意思为：即便将日常食盐的摄入量进行适量的减少都可带来极大的健康 益处，形容词considerable显然不符合句意，因此填入形容词 modest。
47.G【解析】此处需要填人动词作句子的谓语，且用动词的一般过去式。根据句意，该处应该填入动词document的过去式，表示作者通过数据记录减少食盐摄入量后，心脏病、中风和心肌梗塞相应减少的病例。
48.K【解析】此处需要填入名词，和前面的心脏病例(cases of heart disease)，本句的中风实例(instances of stroke)以及后面的心肌梗塞 (heart attacks)担当同样的句子成分，因此，应该填入名词instanceso
49.D【解析】此处需要填入过去分词作后置定语，因为心肌梗塞(heart attacks)是由于高血压引起的，分词和它做修饰的名词短语是被 动关系，所以填人过去分词表被动，根据句意进一步推断，该处填人caused。
50.F 【解析】此处需要填入动词原形，和be likely to do构成固定搭配，意思是：很有可能做某事。填入动词原形develop(发展，形成)，非洲裔的美国人比其他种族更易患上高血压，正好符合原文意 思。
51.I 【解析】此处需要填入名词，构成词组in excess of，意思是：超过;较…更多。故选I项excess，这句话的意思是：美国人食盐的摄入 量远远超过健康需要的标准。
52.N【解析】此处需要填入副词修饰整个句子。在副词分类中选中slightly(轻微地)最符合题意，强调即使是微量的减少食盐摄入量，也会让健康受益。
53.J 【解析】此处需要填入名词。根据该句句意：研究团队进行了一项电脑分析，来检测每天减少3克食盐摄入量对心脏病患病率和死亡率的影响，因此填入名词impact，符合句意。
54.C【解析】此处需要填入过去分词，由that引导的定语从句中缺少构成谓语的过去分词，组成过去将来时的被动语态would be + v-ed，填入过去分词avoided，意思是：通过血压的降低，某些疾病将是可以避免的。
55.B【解析】此处填人副词，annually(每年)作为统计数据的时间单 位，意思是：通过全国范围的控盐运动，美国每年节省的医疗费用为100亿到240亿美元。据此，可以判断选择B。
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