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2017年下半年公共英语等级考试三级考前冲刺练习
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由于生意方面的事，罗宾逊先生得出趟门。因为有点紧急，他决定坐飞机。乘机旅行时，他喜欢靠窗坐，故而一登机，他就寻找一个靠窗的座位。他发现只有一个靠窗的座位还空着。在那空座位边坐着一名士兵。令罗宾逊先生纳闷的是，这位士兵没有坐靠窗的位置。罗宾逊先生不管那些，他马上径直朝那个空座位走去。
然而，等到了那儿，他看见座位上有则启事，是用钢笔写的：“为保持装载平衡，特预设该位置，谢谢合作。”罗宾逊先生还从来没有在飞机上见过如此不同寻常的启事。不过，他想飞机上一定装了什么特别重的物品，于是他找了个不靠窗的位置。
又有两三个乘客试图坐在那个士兵旁的靠窗座位上，他们看到那则启事就走开了。当快满座时，一位非常美丽的姑娘匆匆走进机舱。一直在注意进舱旅客的那个士兵赶紧拿掉他旁边空座位上的启事。士兵用这种办法，成功地找到了一位姑娘一路作伴。
A Soldier's Brilliant Idea
Mr. Robinson had to travel somewhere on business, and as he was in a hurry, he decided to go by air. He liked sitting beside a window when he was flying, so when he got on to the plane, he looked for a window seat. He found all of them had already had been taken except for one. There was a soldier sitting in the seat beside this one, and Mr. Robinson was surprised that he had not taken the one by the window; but, anyhow, he at once went towards it.
When he reached it, however, he saw that there was a notice on it. It was written in ink and said, "This seat is preserved for proper load balance, thank you." Mr Robinson had never seen such an unusual notice in a plane before, but he thought that the plane must be carrying something particularly heavy in it, so he walked on and found another empty seat, not beside a window, to sit in.
Two or three people tried to sit in the window seat beside the soldier, the notice and went on, when the plane was nearly full, a very beautiful girl hurried into the plane. The soldier, who was watching the passengers coming in, quickly took the notice off the seat beside himself and in this way succeededin having the company of the girl during the whole trip.
句型1：It is estimated that/It is observed that/It is reported that时，被动可在中文中处理为“据估计”(据报道/据发现)比“被估计”要自然一些，这种句型中that后面的叙述才是信息点(尤其是在段落首句的时候)
例：It is observed that although our knowledge greatly exceeds that of our previous ages， there is no corresponding increasing in our wisdom.
译：据观察，虽然我们的知识远超过前一代，在智慧上却没有相应的增长。
句型2：Something is done句型，is是虚词，只有有限的字面意思，在文字上是不翻译的，俗称被动不走“被”字。
例：When people are mentally engaged， great chemical changes would take place in some cognitive areas.
译：当人们用脑的时候，在某些认知区域中就会发生巨大的化学变化。
句型3：It is done在主语模糊化。英语在被动语态上，不习惯用虚拟的动作执行人，因此中文表达时，“我们认为”，“有人说”，“据说”等在英语中就都是被动了。
例：It is established that when people are mentally engaged， great chemical changes will take place in such cognitive areas as memory and focus ability.
译：我们确信，当人们用脑时没，在记忆力和注意力等认知区域中就会发生巨大的化学变化。
总结：被动不是阅读中最难的语法点，但是如果不注意被动的语言表达，头脑中反映的中文往往变得怪异，阅读速度自然就不会快。应掌握被动语态的语言表达。
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