2017全国英语等级考试pets4级阅读B练习题

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　　PETS第四级是PETS考试五个级别中的中上级，相当于我国非英语专业本科大学毕业生的水平，比我国现行的大学英语四、六级考试的六级的难度略高。以下是yjbys网小编整理的关于全国英语等级考试pets4级阅读B练习题，供大家备考。

2017全国英语等级考试pets4级阅读B练习题

　　Part B

　　Read the following three texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A] ,[B] ,[C] or[D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.

　　Text 1

　　Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.

　　As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micromechanics, there are

　　already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy-far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.

　　But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human su'pervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves--goals that pose a real challenge. "While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error, " says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, "we can't yet give a robot enough 'common sense' to reliably interact with a dynamic world. "

　　Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of .the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.

　　What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain' s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented--and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can' t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it.

　　36. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in

　　A. the use of machines to produce science fiction

　　B. the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry

　　C.the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work

　　D. the elite' s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work

　　37. The word "gizmos" ( Line 1, Paragraph 2 ) most probably means

　　A. programs

　　B. experts

　　C. devices

　　D. creatures

　　38. According to the text, what is beyond man' s ability now is to design a robot that can

　　A. fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery

　　B. interact with human beings verbally

　　C. have a little common sense

　　D. respond independently to a changing world

　　39. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also

　　A. make a few decisions for themselves

　　B. deal with some errors with human intervention

　　C. improve factory environments

　　D. cultivate human creativity

　　40. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are

　　A. expected to copy human brain in internal structure

　　B. able to perceive abnormalities immediately

　　C. far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information

　　D. best used in a controlled environment

　　Text 2

　　Education is primarily the responsibility of the states. State constitutions set up certain standards and rules for the establishment of school. State laws require children to go to school until they reach a certain age. The actual control of the schools, however, is usually a local matter.

　　The control of the schools does not usually come directly from the local government. In each of the three types of city government, public schools are generally quite separate and independent.

　　They cooperate with local officials but are not dominated by the municipal government. Most Americans believe that schools should be free of political pressures. They believe that the separate control of the school systems preserves such freedom.

　　Public schools are usually maintained by school districts. The state often sets the district boundaries. Sometimes the school district has the same boundaries as the city. Sometimes it is larger than the city.

　　In the South, county boards of education members are elected. In some places they are appointed by the mayor or city council. The state legislature decides which method should be used.

　　Most district boards of education try to give all pupils a chance to get a good education. A good education prepares a person to live a better life. It helps him to become a better citizen.

　　Nearly all states give financial aid to local school districts. State departments of education offer other kinds of aid. States offer help with such things as program planning and the school districts.

　　The federal government also helps. The National Defense Education Act allows school districts to get financial aid for certain purposes. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 added many other kinds of financial help. But neither the state nor the federal government dictates school policy. This is determined by local school boards.

　　41. Which of the following law is related to education?

　　A. The National Defense Education Act.

　　B. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act.

　　C. The Independence Act.

　　D. Both A and B.

　　42. How did the state control education?

　　A. By setting up certain standard and rules.

　　B. By requesting the children to go to schools until they are of certain age.

　　C. Either A or B.

　　D. Both A and B.

　　43. How did they preserve the freedom of the schools from political pressure?

　　A. By uniting all the schools into a union.

　　B. By having the federal administration.

　　C. By having separate and independent control.

　　D. By cooperating with the state government.

　　44. People favor the independence of school for the reason that

　　A. people believe that it will ensure the existence of freedom

　　B. people believe that it will deprive the school of the financial aid

　　C. local government can rid itself from the financial burden

　　D. state government is not willing to exert its effort on it

　　45. The school district is likely to be all of the following EXCEPT

　　A. larger than city district

　　B. larger than the state district

　　C. the same as the city district

　　D. Both A and C

　　参考答案：

　　Part B

　　Text l .

　　阅读赏析

　　本文首先讲述了人们一直以来在制造越来越精巧的工具方面所作出的努力。这一努力的结果是各个领域的机械化。从世界上看来，智能机器已经广泛用于工厂、银行、地铁、医疗等行业。为了更多地节省劳力，科学家们预想让机器模拟人的行为，甚至人的思维。但这一预想在近些年是难以实现的。

　　答案及解析

　　36.C

　　【命题目的】此题考查考生对文首细节的捕捉。

　　【解题要点】解题的关键在于准确理解第一句话的含义，句中并没有强调the elite精英人才，只提到“people have devised cunning tools”，因此排除选项D精英人才机智地应付危险和枯燥的工作，而A、B两项都不符合题中initially最初、最早这一要求，故选C。

　　37.C

　　【命题目的】此题考查考生依据上下文推测词义的能力。

　　【解题要点】本题要判断gizmos这一单词的含义，由第一段提到ro-botics，而“conferring human capabilities oll machines”与修饰gizmos的定语从句中remove，much human labor相照应，联系上下文句意，giz-mos应该是与机器人有关，因此排除A、B、D，选c。

　　38.D

　　【命题目的】此题考查对文章细节的捕捉。

　　【解题要点】A强调“fulfill delicate tasks”，第二段最后一句指出，已经有机器人系统，能完成某些大脑或骨科外科手术，因此排除A;B强调与人进行言语上的交流，第二段第三句则指出“automated teller ter-minals”可以“thank US with mechanical politeness”，因此8亦被排除; C强调“have a little common sense”，从第三段Dave Lavery的话可以看出，机器人不是没有common sense，而是没有enough common sense，排除C;只有D符合第三段原意，机器人尚不能“reliably inter-act with a dynamic world”。

　　39.B

　　【命题目的】此题考查对文章细节的捕捉。

　　【解题要点】由第三段第一句可以看出，机器人尚不能“make at least a few decisions for themselves”，故排除A自己作一些决定。C、D在文中根本没有出现这样的字眼，可不予考虑，而在第三段中，由“We know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error”可得出8项正确。40.C

　　【命题目的】此题考查对细节进行推理的能力。

　　【解题要点】本题monkey一词出现在第五段第三句，由“the human mind Can…immediately disregard the 98%that is irrelevant.Instantane-ously focusing on the monkey…”，可看出，这里谈的是人脑能迅速捕捉相关信息，而忽略无关信息，由第四句“the most advanced computer systems on Earth Can’t approach that kind of ability”，可知，最先进的计算机系统都不能有这样的能力，故选C。A、B、D三项都与此例无关，可排除。

　　Text 2

　　阅读赏析

　　本文介绍了美国的教育制度。美国的教育主要是各州的任务，但事实上对学校的控制权仍在地方。美国人支持独立办学的精神，所以尽管学校受地方政府和地方官员领导，但有自己的独立决策权。各州规定学校的区划。在南方，各县的教育董事会由选举产生。一些地方则是由市长或市议会指定。绝大多数地区的教育董事会都尽力让所有的孩子有机会上学，有改变自己命运的机会。各州都对当地校区拨款，联邦政府也有义务援助教育，国防教育法案和基础教育法案都对此有所规定。

　　答案及解析

　　41.D

　　【命题目的】此题考查对文章信息的捕捉。

　　【解题要点】除独立法案在文中没提到，国防教育法及基础和中等教育法在文中都提到过，所以，D项较全面地概括了答案。

　　42.D

　　【命题目的】此题考查文章细节。

　　【解题要点】参看短文第一段，A.B两项，即“建立一定的标准和规则”和“要求孩子在一定年龄前必须上学”，在文中都提到过。

　　43.C

　　【命题目的】本题考查对细节的捕捉和对文章整体的把握。

　　【解题要点】参看第二段最后一句，“他们相信学校系统的独立控制会保持这种自由”，与C项符合。而且，全文都贯彻一种主张学校独立自主的精神。

　　44.A

　　【命题目的】本题考查推理能力。