大学英语写作技巧

　　高考英文写作几乎是所有同学在英语考试中最薄弱的一环。许多同学花了大量的时间和精力，却很难在这一项上有所突破。以下是小编整理的大学英语写作技巧，希望对大家有所帮助。

大学英语写作技巧

　　开头：

　　一、直接抛出观点类

　　这一方法就是开门见山，直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法。模板句型：

　　1 、Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that...

　　2、Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ....

　　二、故事引出类

　　这种方法就是先讲一个较短的、与文章内容稍有关联的故事来引发读者的兴趣，引出文章的主题。模板句型：

　　1 、I have a friend who ... Should he ....? Such a dilemma we are often confronted with in our daily life.

　　2、 Once upon a time, there lived a man who .... This story may be (unbelievable), but it still has a realistic significance now.

　　三、观点对立引出类

　　这种开头是针对一个问题先给出其他人的不同看法，然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法，适用于有争议性的主题。模板句型：

　　1、 When asked about..., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that …. But I think/view a bit differently.

　　2 、Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that..... They claim/ believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether.....

　　四、引用名句类

　　这类开头是先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法，来引出文章要展开论述的观点，在实际写作中运用还是比较多的。模板句型：

　　1、 "Education is not complete with graduation." This is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion.

　　2 、We often hear such traditional complains as this "...."

　　五、现象分析类

　　这一类开头是先引出要剖析的现象或者问题，然后在进行分析评论。

　　1、Recently the issue of the problem/phenomenon of ...has been brought into focus/into public attention.

　　2、 Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.

　　文中：

　　一、我的观点(My view)

　　When asked about a theme, different people will offer different opinions... is no exception. Some people take it for granted that ... However, others hold that...

　　As for as I am concerned, that I am in favor for the second view. The reasons are as follows.

　　First, there is and elements of truth that ... But it doesn’t follow that... A case in point is that ...Therefore, the first view doesn’t hold water.

　　In conclusion...

　　二、优点和缺点(Advantages and disadvantages)

　　Nowadays, ...plays an important part in ... Like everything else, ...has both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows

　　Firstly, ... Besides ... Most important of all ...

　　But every coin has tow sides. The negative aspects are alse apparent. To begin with, ... To make matters worse of all ...

　　Through above analysis, I believe that the advantages aspects outweigh the disadvantages. Therefore...

　　三、怎么办...

　　Many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem, but the following ones may be most effective. First of all ... Another way to solve the problem of ... is ... Finally...

　　There are not the best and only tow measures we can take. But it should be noted that if we take strong action to ...

　　四、选择行动

　　When you ... you will be faced with the choice between A and B. Before making the right choice, you had better make a close comparison and contrast of them.

　　First of all, A... Also, B... Second, A... likewise, B... Despite their similarities, A and B are also different in the following aspects. First, A... However, B... Besides, A... on the contrary, B...

　　Therefore, it depends with ... you should choose. If you ..., you should choose A; but if you ... you should turn to B.

　　五、为什么...

　　There are many reasons for... but in general, they come down to three major ones. For one thing... for another thing ... Perhaps the prime reason is that ... From the foregoing...

　　结尾：

　　1.For the reasons presented above，I strongly commit to the notion that __________ .

　　2.Given the factors I have just outlined，I Call only say that__________.

　　3.This is not to say that the argument/choice is neither rhyme nor reason.But in terms of __________ ，itis__________.

　　4.Therefore.it is safely to draw the conclusion that__________.

　　5.From what has been discussed above，we may safely draw the conclusion that__________.

　　6.Above all.I have supported the statement that it is better to__________because__________.

　　7.From what has been discussed above，we can draw the conclusion that__________.

　　8.It is necessary that steps should be taken to__________.

　　9.In conclusion，it is imperative that__________.

　　10.There is no easy memod，but__________might be ofsome help.

　　11.To solve the above mentioned problem，we must__________.

　　12.In summary,if we continue to ignore the above mentioned issue，more problems will crop up.

　　13.We might do more than identify the cause.It is important to take actions to__________.

　　大学英语的写作技巧

　　一、记叙文的定义

　　记叙文也称叙述文，是一种以叙述的手法来呈现人物活动及事件过程的体裁。故事、游记、通讯、新闻报道(消息)、历史、人物传记、日记和回忆录等都属于记叙文的范畴。记叙文大致可以分为以记人为主的记叙文和以叙事为主的记叙文。前者主要是对人物的经历、活动或者性格特征进行叙述;后者则是对某一事件的发生、发展过程和结果进行叙述。

　　二、记叙文的六大要素

　　记叙文的写作涉及到六大要素，即五个W和一个H：时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)和结果(how);也可以将这六大要素概括为时间(time)、地点(place)、人物( character)、事件的原因(cause)、经过(process)和结果( effect)。

　　三、记叙文的行文方式

　　一般来讲，记叙文应具有包括开头，主体和结尾在内的完整结构, 尤其是必须有情节发展的过程。作者应该像电影导演一样尽可能安排起伏和精彩的内容，在矛盾的产生和解决过程中凸现出诱发、发展到高潮的完整过程。此外，在叙述过程中为完整展现前面述及的六要素，还需要插入生动活泼的人物场景描写和清晰细致的动作表情刻画。

　　四、记叙文的写作要领

　　基于英语的语法和词汇特点，写作英语记叙文时应掌握以下要领：

　　1. 时态

　　由于记叙文是描述过去的语境，记叙发生过的事件，所以比较多使用包括一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时在内的过去时态。但是，在很多情况下由于客观描述的需要，事件或人物描述的背景从过去转到现在，现在时的使用不可避免。还有的时候，为了衬托人物的个性，直观地表现人物的思想感情，需要运用对话的方式。而人物对话需要用直接引语，时态的选择又需要依托现在语境。这样，事件的时间线索就显得尤为重要，要求写作者有较强的“时间领悟能力”，驾驭写作过程中的时态转换。例如：

　　Wang Nan, a world champion in ping-pong, is 1.62 meter tall with the weight of 54 kilograms. She was born in Liaoning Province in October 1978. She began to play ping-pong at the age of seven. She played in Liaoning Team for three years before she came to the national team in 1993. She trained hard and got along well with her teammates. Wang Nan has won scores of gold medals in international table-tennis games and won great honor for our motherland. She likes surfing theinternet, and enjoys chatting withfriends online.

　　在这篇短文中，第一句是客观描述，介绍王楠的基本情况，用一般现在时。第二、三句介绍她的成长经历，用的是过去时。最后两句叙说她所取得的成就，又转换到现在语境，用现在完成时。

　　2. 人称

　　人称的运用也是记叙文的一个特点。第一人称(First-person Narrator)是写作者以当事人的口气来叙述，是一种主观表现手法，给读者一种亲切自然的感觉。由于作者是以叙述亲身经历的方式表达自己的思想情感，更能引起读者共鸣。例如：

　　The other day, I was driving along the street. Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast. I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit my bike and I fell off it. It was really a bad day for me.

　　第三人称(Third-person Narrator)是写作者从旁观者的角度来叙述事件，是客观的表现手法，能够充分反映事件中各个人的感受与见解，从整体的视角来叙述事件。例如：

　　It was about nine o’clock on one Saturday evening in May. Sam was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having a cough. His head was aching so intensely that he kept groaning. His forehead felt very hot. We took his temperature. It was 38.5℃。

　　3. 动词使用的连贯性

　　为了刻画人物个性，表现真情实感，记叙文经常需要使用动词来突出过程与变化。在许多动作交替出现的情况下，一定要注意动词使用的连贯性，使文字表达简洁明了，一气呵成。下面一段接着上文记叙了萨姆生病后作者送他去医院的过程，动词使用得相当连贯。

　　Without hesitation, I dialed “120”. It was not long before an ambulance arrived. One roommate brought a blanket for him, and another helped him in the ambulance.

　　大学英语四级要求写作技巧

　　一、审题

　　1.审体裁(议论文，说明文，描述文)

　　审题就是要审作文的题材和体裁。因为什么样的体裁就会用什么样的题材去写。那么体裁包括那些呢?它包括议论文，说明文和描述文。从近些年看，四级作文不是单一的体裁，而是几种体裁的糅合体。例如：

　　Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to writea composition on the topic

　　Trying to Be A Good University Student.

　　You should write at least 100 words and you should baseyour composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:

　　做合格大学生的必要性

　　做合格大学生的必备条件(可以从德智体方面谈)

　　很多人说这种类型的作文是议论文。这是片面的，因为，

　　第一段要求写“必要性”，则是议论文;

　　第二段要求写“必备条件”，则要求写说明文;

　　第三段要求写“这样做”，则要求写描述文。所以在大多数情形下，四级作文是三种体裁的糅合体。

　　2.确定相应的写作方法

　　我们审题的目的就是根据不同体裁确定不同的写作方法。通过审题，我们可以看出四级作文大都是三段式。如上例第一段为议论体，第二段为说明体，第三段为描述体。而各种文体又有不同的写作方式：议论文：要有论点和论据，而且往往从正反两方面来论述。例如上面第一段的思路是：做合格大学生，会怎么样(这是从正面论述);不能做合格的大学生，又会怎么样(从反面论述);所以我们要做合格的大学生(结论)。说明文：可以从几方面来说明一个问题，可以从德智体三方面来说明合格大学生的必要性。描述文：以“人”为中心描述一个“做”的过程。与上两段相比，本段的主语多为人称代词，他要与第二段相呼应进行描述。

　　二、确定主题句

　　审完题后，接下来就是如何写的问题。第一步就是确定主题句，主题句既能保证你不跑题，又能帮助你制定写作思路。而写主题句最保险的方法就是直接翻译中文提纲，如上述之段主题句为：

　　It is very necessary to be a good university student.(议论体的主题句)

　　There are several respects of necessities to be a good university student.(说明体的主题句)

　　What I will do in the future is the following.(描述体的主题句)

　　三、组织段落

　　确定主题句后，接下来的工作就是展开论述。许多考生真正犯难的也是这一步。最基本的解决办法是扩大词汇量，丰富自己的语法存储。在写作时，语法和词汇都是最基本的。然而，组织段落的能力也是尤为重要的(接下来的连贯与衔接部分，我们更为详细的为大家讲解)。行文时，不只是提供一些information,还要学会运用一些examples, personal experiences, comparisons, descriptions等等，只有这样，才不会觉得无话可“写”。

　　四、连贯与衔接

　　1.列举法

　　列举的模式通常是

　　主题句

　　----example 1

　　----example 2

　　----example 3

　　列举时常用for example, for instance, such as, like,thus, takeas an example, to illustrate 等词语。

　　Nonverbal communication, or "body language，"is communication by facial expressions, head or eye movements, hand signals, and body postures. It can be just as important to understanding as words are. Misunderstandings are often amusing but sometimes serious ones can arise between peoplefromdifferent culture if they misinterpret nonverrbal signals. Take for example, the differences in meaning of gesture arevery common in the United States: a circle made with the thumb and index finger. To an American, it means that everything is Ok. To a Japanese, it means that you are talking about money. In France, it means that something is worthless, and in Greece, it is an obscene gesture. Therefore, an American could unknowingly offenda Greek by using that particular hand signal.

　　2.分类法

　　一般是在主题句之后，依次罗列段落指示词所表达的几个部分或几个方面。然后，选用丰富的事例对所罗列的各个部分或各个方面进行具体地说明或解释。

　　There are three basic kinds of materials that can be found in any good library.

　　First, there are books on all subjects, both in English and in many other languages. These booksare organized according to subject, title, and author in a central file canned the card catalog. Books can generally be checked out of the library and taken home for a period of two to four weeks。

　　Second, there are reference works, which include encyclopedias, dictionaries, bibliography, atlases, etc., and which generally must be used in the library itself.

　　Third, there are periodicals- magazines, newspapers, pamphlets-which are filed

　　alphabetically in racks, or which have been filmed to conserve space. Like reference works, periodicals cannot usually be removedfromthe library. 分类时常用：most of all， next，moreover， in addition，besides，furthermore，to begin with，to start with，first of all，first，second，third

　　3. 因果关系

　　在段落一开头，就用主题句点明其因果关系，然后选用有关材料，客观的罗列某些原因或结果，以阐述中心思想。

　　Growing numbers of well-to-do Americans are making the decision to move abroad. They find it impossible in America to walk the streets at night without fear of being raped, mugged, or murdered, nor do they see a way to escape the poisonous air of the cities. They maintain that even American food hasbecome increasingly dangerous to eat. Last but not least, they insist that they are sick of the pace of American life, a pace that leaves no time for relaxation or pleasure。

　　因果关系常用语汇：

　　because of, so, owing to, thanks to, thus, as a result of, hence, for this reason, consequently, is caused by, lead to, result in

　　4.比较法

　　主题句必须明确表明所要比较的对象和所要比较的范围，实际上就是罗列两个或两个以上比较对象的相同点。

　　Learning English is like building a house. Laying a solid foundation is the first and most important step. In other words, you should read and speak English every day. Memorizing new words and phrases is also helpful. Like building a house, learning English takes some time.

　　So don’t be impatient. Remember, Rome wasn’t built in a day.

　　常用语汇：at the same time, similar to, accordingly, both, show a degree of similarity, similarly, the same as, and too, in the same way, in a like manner.

　　5.举例法

　　列举事实或举出实例来说明中心思想，是简单易行、具有说服力的写作方法。

　　Communicating with other people by telephone is very convenient,especially when you have something urgent. For example, if one of your family members is seriously ill at night, and you don’t know how to deal with it and where to find a doctor, what can you do? A telephone is the answer. Dial 120 and you will get servicesfromthe hospital very soon。

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