考研英语阅读理解真题练习

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考研英语阅读理解真题练习

　　在日常学习和工作中，我们经常接触到练习题，做习题在我们的学习中占有非常重要的位置，对掌握知识、培养能力和检验学习的效果都是非常必要的，什么类型的习题才能有效帮助到我们呢？下面是小编为大家收集的考研英语阅读理解真题练习，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

考研英语阅读理解真题练习

　　考研英语阅读理解真题练习 1

　　Investigators of monkey’s social behavior have always been struck by monkeys’ aggressive potential and the consequent need for social control of their aggressive behavior.Studies directed at describing aggressive behavior and the situations that elicit it, as well as the social mechanisms that control it, were therefore among the first investigations of monkeys’ social behavior.

　　Investigators initially believed that monkeys would compete for any resource in the environment: hungry monkeys would fight over food, thirsty monkeys would fight over water, and, in general, at time more than one monkey in a group sought the same incentive simultaneously, a dispute would result and would be resolved through some form of aggression.However, the motivating force of competition for incentives began to be doubted when experiments like Southwick’s on the reduction of space or the withholding of food failed to produce more than temporary increases in intragroup aggression.Indeed, food deprivation not only failed to increase aggression but in some cases actually resulted in decreased frequencies of aggression.

　　Studies of animals in the wild under conditions of extreme food deprivation likewise revealed that starving monkeys devoted almost all available energy to foraging, with little energy remaining for aggressive interaction.Furthermore, accumulating evidence from later studies of a variety of primate groups, for example, the study conducted by Bernstein, indicates that one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the introduction of an intruder into an organized group.Such introductions result in far more serious aggression than that produced in any other types of experiments contrived to produce competition.

　　These studies of intruders suggest that adult members of the same species introduced to one another for the first time show considerable hostility because, in the absence of a social order, one must be established to control interanimal relationships.When a single new animal is introduced into an existing social organization, the newcomer meets even more serious aggression.Whereas in the first case aggression establishes a social order, in the second case resident animals mob the intruder, thereby initially excluding the new animal from the existing social unit.The simultaneous introduction of several animals lessens the effect, if only because the group divides its attention among the multiple targets.If, however, the several animals introduced a group constitute their own social unit, each group may fight the opposing group as a unit; but, again, no individual is subjected to mass attack, and the very cohesion of the groups precludes prolonged individual combat.The submission of the defeated group, rather than unleashing unchecked aggression on the part of the victorious group, reduces both the intensity and frequency of further attack.Monkey groups therefore seem to be organized primarily to maintain their established social order rather than to engage in hostilities per se.

　　1.The author of the text is primarily concerned with

　　[A] advancing a new methodology for changing a monkey’s social behavior.

　　[B] comparing the methods of several research studies on aggression among monkeys.

　　[C] explaining the reasons for researcher’s interest in monkey’s social behavior.

　　[D] discussing the development of investigators’ theories about aggression among monkeys.

　　2.Which of the following best summarizes the findings reported in the text about the effects of food deprivation on monkeys’ behavior?

　　[A] Food deprivation has no effect on aggression among monkeys.

　　[B] Food deprivation increases aggression among monkeys because one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the competition for incentives.

　　[C] Food deprivation may increase long-term aggression among monkeys in a laboratory setting, but it produces only temporary increase among monkeys in the wild.

　　[D] Food deprivation may temporarily increase aggression among monkeys, but it also leads to a decrease in conflict.

　　3.The text suggests that investigators of monkeys’ social behavior have been especially interested in aggressive behavior among monkeys because

　　[A] aggression is the most common social behavior among monkeys.

　　[B] successful competition for incentives determines the social order in a monkey group.

　　[C] situation that elicit aggressive behavior can be studied in a laboratory.

　　[D] most monkeys are potentially aggressive, yet they live in social units that could not function without control of their aggressive impulses.

　　4.The text supplies information to answer which of the following questions?

　　[A] How does the reduction of space affect intragroup aggression among monkeys in an experimental setting?

　　[B] Do family units within a monkey social group compete with other family units for food?

　　[C] What are the mechanisms by which the social order of an established group of monkeys controls aggression within that group?

　　[D] How do monkeys engaged in aggression with other monkeys signal submission?

　　5.Which of the following best describes the organization of the second paragraph?

　　[A] A hypothesis is explained and counter evidence is described.

　　[B] A theory is advanced and specific evidence supporting it is cited.

　　[C] Field observations are described and a conclusion about their significance is drawn.

　　[D] Two theories are explained and evidence supporting each of them is detailed.

　　考研英语阅读理解真题练习 2

　　TEXT 2

　　Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.

　　California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.

　　The court would be recklessly modest if it followed Californias advice.Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.

　　They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspects purse .The court has ruled that police dont violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant.But exploring ones smartphone is more like entering his or her home.A smartphone may contain an arrestees reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence.The development of "cloud computing." meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.

　　But the justices should not swallow Californias argument whole.New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitutions protections.Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.

　　26.The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to

　　[A] search for suspects mobile phones without a warrant.

　　[B] check suspects phone contents without being authorized.

　　[C] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.

　　[D] prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.

　　27.The authors attitude toward Californias argument is one of

　　[A] tolerance.

　　[B] indifference.

　　[C] disapproval.

　　[D] cautiousness.

　　28.The author believes that exploring ones phone content is comparable to

　　[A] getting into ones residence.

　　[B] handing ones historical records.

　　[C] scanning ones correspondences.

　　[D] going through ones wallet.

　　29.In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that

　　[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.

　　[B] the court is giving police less room for action.

　　[C] phones are used to store sensitive information.

　　[D] citizens privacy is not effective protected.

　　30.Orin Kerrs comparison is quoted to indicate that

　　(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.

　　(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.

　　(C)Californias argument violates principles of the Constitution.

　　(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.

　　考研英语阅读理解真题练习 3

　　Text 2

　　An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half .In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced .By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.

　　In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?

　　In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsofts Internet Explorer and Apples Safari both offer DNT ;Googles Chrome is due to do so this year.In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.

　　On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.

　　It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so.Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.

　　Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how.If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm.DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Googles on that count before.Brendon Lynch, Microsofts chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?

　　26.It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:

　　[A] ease competition among themselves

　　[B] lower their operational costs

　　[C] avoid complaints from consumers

　　[D] provide better online services

　　27.“The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:

　　[A] online advertisers

　　[B] e-commerce conductors

　　[C] digital information analysis

　　[D] internet browser developers

　　28.Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default

　　[A] many cut the number of junk ads

　　[B] fails to affect the ad industry

　　[C] will not benefit consumers

　　[D] goes against human nature

　　29.which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?

　　[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose

　　[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT

　　[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers

　　[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads

　　30.The authors attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:

　　[A] indulgence

　　[B] understanding

　　[C] appreciaction

　　[D] skepticism

　　考研英语阅读理解真题练习 4

　　Text 2

　　When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August，his explanation was surprisingly straight up.Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses，he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision，” McGee says.Within two weeks，he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group，which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.

　　McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run.It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations.And McGee isn‘t alone.In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post.As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure，executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on.A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.

　　As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold，deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net.In the third quarter，CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had，according to Liberum Research.As the economy picks up，opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.

　　The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional.For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey：“I can‘t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”

　　Those who jumped without a job haven‘t always landed in top positions quickly.Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age，saying she wanted to be a CEO.It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange.Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO.He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.

　　Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers.The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.“The traditional rule was it‘s safer to stay where you are，but that’s been fundamentally inverted，” says one headhunter.“The people who‘ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”

　　26.When McGee announced his departure，his manner can best be described as being

　　[A]arrogant.

　　[B]frank.

　　[C]self-centered.

　　[D]impulsive.

　　27.According to Paragraph 2，senior executives‘ quitting may be spurred by

　　[A]their expectation of better financial status.

　　[B]their need to reflect on their private life.

　　[C]their strained relations with the boards.

　　[D]their pursuit of new career goals.

　　28.The word “poached” (Line 3，Paragraph 4) most probably means

　　[A]approved of.