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Oil Exploitation Beneath ANWR'S Frozen Earth
Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (保护区 ) (ANWR) to help secure America's energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR's oil would help ease California's electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country's energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.
The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two or three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall (意外之财) in tax revenues, royalties ( 开采权使用费) and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant. "We've never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice." says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.
Not so fast, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of govemment estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America's energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases,environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR's impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State's electricity output and just 3% of the nation's.
1.What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR?
A. It will exhaust the nation's oil reserves.
B. It will help secure the future of ANWR.
C. It will help reduce the nation's oil imports.
D. It will increase America's energy consumption.
2.We learn from the second paragraph that the American oil industry__________.
A. believes that drilling for oil in ANWR will produce high yields.
B. tends to exaggerate America's reliance on foreign oil.
C. shows little interest in tapping oil in ANWR.
D. expects to stop oil imports from Saudi Arabia.
3.Those against oil drilling in ANWR argue that__________.
A. it can cause serious damage to the environment.
B. it can do little to solve U.S. energy problems.
C. it will drain the oil reserves in the Alaskan region.
D. it will not have much commercial value.
4.What do the environmentalists mean by saying "Not so fast" (Line 1, Para.3)?
A. Oil exploitation takes a long time.
B. The oil drilling should be delayed.
C. Don't be too optimistic.
D. Don't expect fast returns.
5.It can be leamed from the passage that oil exploitation beneath ANWR's frozen earth__________.
A. remains a controversial issue.
B. is expected to get under way soon.
C. involves a lot of technological problems.
D. will enable the U.S. to be oil independent.
答案解析
1.C。细节题。题干：布什总统如何看待ANWR的采油?利用题干关键词可以定位到文章第一段第二句，即布什认为开发ANWR的石油能够帮助减轻加利福尼亚的电能危机，并促进国家的能源独立。所以选C。
2.A。细节题。题干：从第二段得知，美国的石油行业__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到第二段，前半部分提到了“石油开采会帮助减轻国家石油进口的压力”，后半部分提到“石油开采对环境的.破坏比较小”，整个段落都是在围绕“开发石油可以带来好处”的主题。与A中的producehighyields(产生很大收益)相符。
3.B。细节题。题干：反对在ANWR采油的人认为__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到最后一段：“…a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America’s energy problems.”这句话表明，开采的石油“只是杯水车薪，几乎对减轻美国的能源问题没有任何作用”。所以选B。
4.C。词汇题。题干：环境保护主义者说“not so fast”的意思是什么?“Not so fast”这句话出现在段首，随后讨论的是“他们认为石油开发的影响微乎其微”，暗示“not so fast”的含义是“不容乐观的”，所以选C。
5.A。推理题。题干：从短文可推断出在ANWR冻土下采油。文中提到了支持和反对石油开发的两种观点，文章最后也没有说明任何一方观点的优劣，所以选A。
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