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考研英语有哪些翻译技巧

时间:2021-12-05 12:14:54 考研备考 我要投稿
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考研英语有哪些翻译技巧

   考研英语翻译需要不断的积累,尤其是要注意把握一些翻译的技巧和方法。小编为大家精心准备了考研英语实用的翻译秘诀,欢迎大家前来阅读。

考研英语有哪些翻译技巧

  考研英语实用的翻译技巧

  ▶增译主语

   由于表达习惯不同,英文中常有省略主语的现象,在翻译成汉语时要把它们译出来。情况一般有以下几种:

   以抽象名词作主语,而中文的表达习惯则需要把抽象变为具体;英文中常常会为了避免重复而多用介词,中文则不怕重复,一个词会用上好几遍;英语中的复数名词译为汉语时,常常加入这些、各种、种种等,要视具体语境情况而定。

   He did not give us satisfied answer; this made us angry.

  他并没有给出我们满意的答复,这种态度使得我们非常生气。

   There are solutions proposed to solve the public problem.

  针对这一公共问题,大家提出了种种解决方案。

  ▶增译谓语

   同理,需要增译谓语的情况也时有出现。英语中出现两个或多个相同谓语时,常常会省略,以使句子不那么赘余,而中文中则要译出来,使其表达更加地道。英文中的介词短语译为中文时往往要增译动词,而有些英语中的名词在译为中文时也要加入相应的动词,使其意义更加完整,表达更加明确。

   We went to Xiamen this week, Shenzhen next week.

  我们这周去厦门,下周去深圳。

   After the party, he has got a very important speech.

  参加完聚会后,他还要发表一个重要讲话。

  ▶时间状语的翻译

  1、时间状语常常可以直接翻译,一般译到主句前。

  He came in while I was watching TV.

  我在看电视的时候他进来了。

   They burst into tears suddenly when they heard the sad news.

  他们听到这个悲惨的消息之后突然大哭起来。

  2、有的时间状语从句引导词除了表示时间以外,还会附带条件性,所以在翻译的时候要译出条件关系。

   We can’t take any action until our project is well-prepared.

  只有我们的项目做好充分的准备,我们才能采取行动。

  ▶原因状语的翻译

   1、英语中的状语位置较为灵活,既可以放在主句前也可置于主句后,而中文表达常常遵循“前因后果”的顺序,所以在翻译的时候也要注意调整语序。

   We have to choose another day for the hiking, since the weather is very good today.

  今天天气不好,所以我们得另选一天去远足了。

   2、但上述情况也不是绝对的,原因状语也可放在主句后,这样也对应了汉语中的结构“之所以…是因为”。

   Practice is valuable because it is the test of the theory.

  实践之所以有价值,因为它是对理论的检验。

  ▶目的状语的翻译

  1、总的来说,目的状语放在主句前翻译,把说明情况的主句放在后面。

   She closed the door gently and stepped out of the room for fear that she should awake him.

  为了不弄醒他,她悄悄关上房门,轻轻地溜了出去。

  2、目的状语也可译在主句后边,表示以免、以防、使得、生怕等等。

   He came back after work as quickly as possible, lest his mother should worry about him.

  他下了班就早早回家了,免得他母亲担心。

  ▶译成汉语的主动句

  1、一般被动句的主语是无生命的主语,翻译时常常要将原文主语译为汉语中的主语。

   When rust is formed, a chemical change has taken place.

  当锈形成的时候,就发生了化学变化。

  2、主语宾语颠倒位置

   一般英语中当动作主体的词前加上by时或由介词短语构成时,那么在译文中by后边的动作主体词或该介词短语中的名次就要充当主语,宾语则是原文中的主语。

   Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change.

  这种化学反应能够释放出光和热。

  3、增加主语

  一些被动句在译为主动句时要增加一些主语,比如我们、人们、大家等等。

  This issue has not been solved.

  人们还未解决这一问题。

  ▶译成汉语中的无主句

   汉语无主句较多,也是我们的思维方式和说话表达习惯等因素有关。很多情况下,我们和处于同一背景生长环境下的人聊天,都不需要说主语,但是对方大多数情况下,都能理解你的意思。

   Policies have been made to protect our environment.

  已经制定了政策来保护环境。

  考研英语小作文复习的注意事项

  (1)考研英语小作文注意事项之礼貌原则

   所谓的'“礼貌原则”,就是指在小作文中要秉承礼貌的原则,尽量少用直白的、语气较强的词,如must,can等;而应该多用表示委婉的语气的词,如could,should和would等。如,在表达写作目的的时候可以说I would like to know……

  (2)考研英语小作文注意事项之表述差异

   这里主要指中英文在表达时间和地点的时候出现的差异。英文中时间和地点的表达顺序和汉语相反。汉语中在表述地点的时候,通常是从大到小,先写大地方,再写小地方;而英语则是恰恰相反,它是从小到大,即先写小地方,再写大地方。在描述时间的时候,中文的常见表达是“年,月,日”;而英文的常见方式是“月,日,年”。这常见于邀请信和通知中。二者的差异较大,小编建议大家千万不能忽视这些细节问题。

  (3)考研英语小作文注意事项之不抄Direction

   此外,另一个细节问题就是不能抄写direction中的句子,这只是出题人用于引导思维,指导写作的话。但我们在写作的时候可用其中的部分词或者是短语。小编认为,一个较为实用的方法,是对题目进行同义改写,既能拓展思路,也能丰富语言,得到高分。

  (4)考研英语小作文注意事项之注意书信和通知格式不同

   书信的格式包括称呼、正文、落款;而通知的格式则是:标题、正文和落款。由此,我们可以发现很容易把它们的格式弄混淆,二者的区别在于书信没有标题,通知有标题;书信有称呼,而通知没有。

  (5)考研英语小作文注意事项之不使用缩写

   考研英语的作文,不管是大作文还是小作文,从格式上说都属于正式语域。所谓的正式语域,也就是说语言的风格较为正式。既然如此,那作文就应该使用书面语言,而非口语。而且,不能单词不能出现缩写的形式,因为这不属于正式语域。

   上面是我们在考研英语小作文的写作中经常容易忽视的一些问题。但,小编认为,对于这些问题,我们一定要给与一定的重视,毕竟细节决定成败,况且“千里之堤毁于蚁穴”的事情也不在少数,只有从细节上制胜,才能屹立于胜利之巅。

  考研英语常考的1介宾否定短语盘点

  above [ə'bʌv] prep.超过;在……上面;在……之上

  【例 句】:The text is above me.(无法理解)

  She thinks she is above criticism.(不容批评)

  The child is above all nervousness.(一点也不紧张)

   His conduct has always been above suspicion.(无可怀疑)

   I think a gentleman like him is above doing such a thing.(不屑于)

   Don’t depend on me. It’s above my bend.(力不所及)

  He is above the weather now.(无病的)

  against [ə'ɡɛnst] prep.反对,违反;靠;倚;防备

  【例 句】:Almost everything was against him.(不利于)

   He’s always doing his best, against all odds.(不计成败)

   at [æt] prep.在(表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、空间);以(某种价格、速度等);向;达;因为;朝;忙于

  【例 句】:The point is to win at any cost.(不惜一切代价)

   At any rate, we’ve done something for you now.(不管怎样)

  On the spot he was completely at sea.(不知所措)

  behind [bɪ'haɪnd] prep.落后于;支持;晚于

  【例 句】:The train is running behind time.(不准时)

  Your ideas are all behind the times.(跟不上时代)

  between [bɪ'twin] prep.在…之间

  【例 句】:The secret is between ourselves.(不得外传)

  before [bɪ'fɔr] prep.在……之前,先于

   【例 句】:Before long he realized that he was wrong.(不久)

   I slipped out before the lecture began.(不等讲座开始)

   The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered.(决不投降)

  beneath [bɪˈniːθ] prep. 在……之下

  【例 句】:Lying is beneath him.(不合他的身份)

   Such a fellow as that is beneath my notice.(不值一理)

  beside [bɪ'saɪd] prep.在旁边;与……相比;和……无关

   【例 句】:What you said is quite beside the point.(不关正题)

  from [frʌm] prep.来自,从;由于;今后

   【例 句】:The child can’t walk, far from running.(更不用谈)

   So far from taking my advice, he did just against.(不仅没有)

  She kept herself from laughing.(使某人不)

  I knew he did it from his teeth.(毫无诚意)

  in [ɪn] prep.按照(表示方式);从事于;在……之内

   【例 句】:I don’t know what he intends to do; I’m in the dark about his plans.(不知道)

   The people lifted the big stone in a breeze.(毫不费力)

   We all decide to start our journey in all weathers.(风雨无阻)

   With the card, you can enter this building in the clear.(不受妨碍)

   Her schemes are usually up in the clouds. (不切实际)

  This great plan is still in the egg.(尚未成熟)

   At the sight he laughed in spite of himself.(不由自主地)

   The girl wanted to marry the poor man in spite of her parent’ teeth.(不顾)

  off [ɔf] prep.离开;脱落

  【例 句】:Keep off the grass.(不靠近)

   I am right off love stories for some reason.(不感兴趣)

  He is off smoking now.(不再吸烟)

  She was off duty yesterday.(不值班)

   You have got what is on the off chance for others.(不会有机会)

   She felt a bit off color, but she’s much better now.(精神不好)

   The initial phase of the flu is steep, taking health experts off guard.(猝不及防)

   I’m talking off hand, simply speaking my mind.(无准备)

  The sold company is off his hand now.(不再由某人负责)

   The failing marriage is over and off her mind.(不再挂念)

   It is a little off time of speaking that in the wedding.(不合时宜)

  He catches cold and is off work today.(没上班)

   on [ɑn] prep.向,朝……;关于;在……之上;在……时候

   【例句】:What a pity! You’re really down on your luck.(太遗憾了,你的运气真是不佳!)

   Don’t lie to me! I knew you were on the cross about what happened.(别对我说谎,我知道你对所发生的事情供述不老实。)

  out [aʊt] prep.向;离去

  【例句】:Out of sight, out of mind.(眼不见,心不烦。)

   The design of the building is quite out of fashion.(这幢建筑的设计相当不时髦。)

  The unique book is out of print.(该孤本不再印发)

   The serious old man is quite out of humor.(这个严肃的老人一点儿也不幽默)

   Don’t wandering on the wrong planet. Rest was now out of the question.(别想入非非了,现在休息是不可能的。)

   To ask $5000 for such a small house like that is out of all reason.(这样小的一间房子要价5000美元简直是无理取闹!)

   To be honest, I’ve had no exercise for ages;I’m really out of condition.(说实话,我已经有好几年没锻炼过了,我现在健康状况不好。)

   It’s hard to see how prices could spiral out of control while labour costs remain so subdued.(在劳动力成本保持如此稳定的同时,物价上涨到失去控制的程度几乎是不可能的。)

   Stars in the bright night are out of count.(晴朗的夜空中星星不计其数。)

   The regulations were out of date and confusing.(那些规定已经不合时宜,而且令人费解。

   I know I am out of line sometimes.(我知道我有时候过分了点儿。)

   Those who arrive on foot, however, are out of luck.(但那些步行而来的顾客就没这么幸运了。)

   Nothing in this peaceful suburb was out of place.(这个平静的郊区没有什么异常的情况。)

   Freedom of navigation in the South China Sea is out of question.(南海的航行自由也没有任何问题。)

   It is out of time to give a comment here.(在这儿说这种话有点不合时宜。)


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