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英语状语从句的用法归纳

时间:2023-07-19 10:21:51 赛赛 基础英语 我要投稿
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英语状语从句的用法归纳

  状语从句是高中英语学习中的一个语法重点,也是历年高考重点考查的内容之一。引导状语从句的词语叫从属连词。不同作用的状语从句通常由不同的从属连词来引导。以下是小编整理的英语状语从句的用法归纳,希望对大家有所帮助。

英语状语从句的用法归纳

   一、概说

  状语从句即指在主从复合句用作状语的从句。按照其意义,状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等。状语从句是高中英语学习中的一个语法重点,也是历年高考重点考查的内容之一。学习状语从句主要应注意引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与区别,以及从属连词在一定的语言环境中的意义与用法。

   二、时间状语从句

  1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词很多,常见的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等。

  2. 表示“当…时候”的 while, when, as 的用法区别是:while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词;表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时,只能用 when;当表示“一边…一边…”或“随着”时,只能用 as。另外,用于此义的 as 所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词,不能是状态动词。如下面一道高考题的答案是 B 而不能是A:

  “I’m going to the post office.” “_____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?”

  A. As B. While C. Because D. If

  3. until 在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词,表示相应动作结束的时间;在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词,表示相应动作开始的时间,意为“直到…才”。如:

  He waited until she was about to leave. 他等着一直到她准备离开。

  I did not begin to work till he had gone. 他走了后我才开始工作。

  4. 表示“一…就”除用 as soon as 外,还可用 the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner…than, hardly…when 等。如:

  I came immediately you called. 你一来电话我就来了。

  Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow. 她刚到就下起雪来了。

  The moment I have finished Ill give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。

  5. every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time 等以 time 结尾的词语也可用作连词,引导时间状语从句。如:

  Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你进来,请关门。

  He didn’t tell me anything the last time I saw him. 上次我见到他时他什么也没告诉我。

  By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed. 我到家时她已睡觉了。

   三、条件状语从句

  1. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有 if, unless, as [so] long as等。如:

  Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话,否则你别来。

  If you watch carefully you will see how to do it. 如果你仔细瞧你会看出该怎样做。

  As long as you do your best, we’ll be happy. 只要你尽力,我们就满意了。

  2. in case 也可引导条件状语从句,其意为“如果”、“万一”。如:

  In case I forget, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了,请提醒我。

   四、让步状语从句

  1. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有 although, though, however (=no matter how), even if(即使), whether…or(不论…还是)等连词。如:

  The speech is good, though it could be better. 这次演讲不错,虽然还可以再好一点。

  He went out even though it was raining. 尽管下雨,他还是出去了。

  2. as 也可引导让步状语从句,但要将名词、形容词或副词等提到 as 前,若提前的是单数可数名词,要省略 a / an。如:

  Teacher as he is, he can’t know everything. 虽然是老师,他也不可能什么都懂。

  3. 连词 while 有时也可表示“尽管”、“虽然”,引导让步状语从句。如:

  While we don’t agree we continue to be friends. 尽管我们意见不同,我们还是朋友。

  4. whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引导让步状语从句。如:

  Don’t lose heart whatever you do. 不管你做什么,都不要灰心。

  Whoever you are, you can’t pass this way. 不管你是谁,你都不能从这里通过。

  注:表示“虽然”的 though, although 不可与 but 连用,但可与 yet, still 连用。

   五、原因状语从句

  1. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that)等:

  They can’t have gone out because the light’s on. 他们不可能出去了,因为灯还亮着。

  Since you are going, I will go. 既然你去,我也去。

  Now that we are alone, we can speak freely. 现在我们单独在一起,可以随便谈了。

  2. 除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导原因状语从句的从属连词外,when有时也可引导原因状语从句,其意“既然”。如:

  I can’t tell you when you wont listen. 既然你不想听,我就不告诉你了。

  3. 有关原因状语从句还应注意以下几点:

  (1) as 与 since, now that 一样表示双方都知道的原因,通常位于主句前,且均不可用于强调结构被强调。

  (2) 当表示直接的因果关系,回答 why 时,或有 only, just, all, partly, not, but 等副词修饰时,或用在强调结构中都只能用 because。

  (3) for 有时也可引出表示原因的分句,但它只能位于后面,对前一分句加以解释或推断。

  (4) 不要受汉语意思影响将表示“因为”的连词与表示“所以”的 so 连用。

   六、地点状语从句

  引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where (在…的地方), wherever(无论什么地方), everywhere(每个…地方), anywhere(任何…地方)。如:

  I’m not living where I was. 我不在原处住了。

  You can’t camp where [wherever, anywhere] you like these days. 如今你可不能随便在哪儿宿营。

  Everywhere I go, I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里,我都发现同样情况。

  2. 有的同学认为地点状语从句在平时见得不多,误认为考试不会涉及,但恰恰相反,地点状语从句却是英语考试经常考查的一个知识点。请看以下考题:

  (1) When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.

  A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where

  (2) After the war, a new school building was put up _____ there had once been a theatre.

  A. that B. where C. which D. when

  (3) You should make it a rule to leave things _____ you can find them again.

  A. when B. where C. then D. there

  (4) She found her calculator ______ she lost it.

  A. where B. when C. in which D. that

  以上四题均选where,其意为“在…的地方”,用以引导地点状语从句。

   七、目的状语从句

  1. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。如:

  I hired a boat so that I could go fishing. 我租了一条船去钓鱼。

  Take your coat in case it rains (should rain). 带着雨衣以防下雨。

  He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习,是为了能通过考试。

  2. 引导目的状语从句的 so that 有时可省so 或 that,即单独用 so 或 that 来引导目的状语从句。如:

  Check carefully, so any mistake will be caught. 仔细检查,以便任何错误都可检查出。

  Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些,使我能看得清楚些。

   八、结果状语从句

  引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so that, so…that, such…that等。如:

  He was so angry that he couldnt speak. 他气得话都说不出来。

  He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力很大,结果玻璃震破了。

  注:so…that和such…that中的that有时(尤其在口语中)可省略。

  方式状语从句的英语常见用法

  一、状语从句中的方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though, by引导。

  1、由as, (just) as…so…引导

  as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如…","就像",多用于正式文体,例如:

  1)Always do to the others as you would be done by.

  你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人。

  2)As water is to fish, so air is to man.

  我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。

  3) You must try to hold the tool as I do.

  你必须像我这样拿工具?

  4) Leave the things as they are.

  别动这些东西?

  5) We must do as the Party tells us (to do).

  我们必须按照党的指示办事?.

  6) Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideasfromour minds.

  正如打扫房屋一样,我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。

  2、由as if, as though引导

  as if 和as though 引导的从句中的时态取决于说话者对所谈内容的态度。若说话者认为其看法是真的或可能会成为事实,从句谓语就按常规变化。例如:

  1)He looks as if he is angry.

  他看上去好像生气了。

  2)It looked as if there would be an exciting race.

  看来要有一场激动人心的比赛。

  3)When the soaceship leaves the earth at tremendous speed,the astronauts feel as if they are being crushed against the spaceship floor.

  当宇宙飞船以巨大的速度离开地球时,宇航员们觉得自己好像正在被压向宇宙飞船的底壁上去。

  二、如果从句的内容是不真实的,是与事实相反的,从句的谓语时态要用虚拟语气。主句谓语用一般现在时态,对从句的谓语形式没有影响。

  两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作“仿佛……似的”,“好像……似的”。这两个连词经常用在be,act,appear,behave,fell,look,seem,smell,sound,taste及其他描写行为举止的动词之后,引导一个方式从句。例如:

  1 )They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.

  他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)

  2)He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lightning.

  他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)

  3)It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.、

  看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。)

  三、需要注意的是:as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语、形容词或介词短语,例如:

  1)He stared at me as if seeing me for the first time.

  他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的。

  2)He cleared his throat as if to say something.

  他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。

  3)The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.

  波涛冲击着岩石,好像很愤怒。

  英语状语从句知识点

  1. 时间状语从句

  (1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如:

  It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.

  While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.

  As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.

  He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.

  After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.

  (2)在时间状语从句里,通常不用将来时态,用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如:

  I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.

  I will tell him everything whenhe comes back.

  He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.

  (3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是“一直到……时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式,其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如:

  The young man read till the light went out.

  Let’s wait until the rain stops.

  We won’t start until Bob comes.

  Don’t get off until the bus stops.

  2. 条件状语从句

  (1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如:

  What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?

  Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.

  (2)在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如:

  I’ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow.

  He won’t be late unless he is ill.

  (3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如:

  Hurry up, or you’ll be late.

  =If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.

  Study hard and you will pass the exam.

  =If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

  3. 原因状语从句

  (1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如:

  He didn’t come to school because he was ill.

  As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.

  Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.

  (2)because表示直接原因,语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题,只能用because。As和since语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如:

  ------Why aren’t going there?

  ------Because I don’t want to.

  As he has no car, he can’t get there easily.

  Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.

  (3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。