如何抓住英语四级阅读的主题思想

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如何抓住英语四级阅读的主题思想

　　英语四级考试阅读部分经常出现询问文章主旨的题目，让很多考生难以选择。所谓主旨，即文章主题思想(the Main Idea)。也称作中心思想，是作者在文章中要表达的核心内容，也是作者自始自终要说明的问题。能否抓住一篇文章的主题思想，体现了读者总结、概括和归纳事物的能力。把握了主题思想也有助于对文中。因此，可以说，找出主题思想是一项最重要的阅读技能。接下来由小编为大家整理了如何抓住英语四级阅读的主题思想技巧，欢迎大家阅读!

如何抓住英语四级阅读的主题思想

　　一、抓主题思想。

　　我们首先要学会识别文章中那些最根本、最具有概括力的信息。这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其它信息所具有的共性。

　　例如：

　　Directions: Choose the most general word.

　　(A) chemist (B) physicist

　　该问题要求找出最有概括性的词。(C) scientist 符合题意，因为它包含了chemist, physicist和biologist，而(A)，(B)和(D)都指某一具体学科的科学家，不能概括其它的词。因此，scientist最有概括性。

　　例二：

　　Directions: Choose the most general sentence.

　　(A) The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. daily.

　　(B) There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorictta Bay Inn.

　　(D) There are a number of extra services at the Glorictta Bay Inn including babysitting.

　　(A)， (C)，(D)都是从不同的侧面说明旅馆的服务情况，相互间并无联系。而(B)却概括了(A)，(C)和(D)的共性的东西，即：为什么旅客住在这家旅馆里有宾至如归的感觉。因此，(B)符合题意。倘若在一段文章中包含了以上(A)，(B)，(C)，(D)几条信息，那末，(B)就是该段中心思想。由于同样的道理，如果在一篇文章中，作者分段叙述几方面的内容，那末，这些段落所围绕和要说明的问题就是该文的中心思想。

　　例三：

　　Directions: Choose the main idea of an article. (Following are the topic sentences of an article.)

　　1) A mounting body of evidence suggests that fighting violence with violence rarely deters a crime in progress and greatly increases the chances of changing a robbery into a violent attack on the victim.

　　2) One report shows that at least 100 thousand handguns are stolen from private owners each year, the vast majority during burglaries...

　　3) Moreover. a study of robberies in eight American cities states that in less than 4 percent of the crimes did the victim have the opportunity to use a weapon....

　　Which of the following best reflects the main idea of the article?

　　(A) What Happens to the Victim of Crime?

　　(B) Is Your Family Safe?

　　第一段和第三段提到了victims(受害者)，第二段中提到了入室行窃，但是这三段说明的共同问题是人们是否应拥有自己的武器来反对犯罪行为。因此只有选择(C)才能概括这三段所共同说明的问题，也就是此文的中心思想。

　　二、主题思想应能恰如其分地概括文中所阐述的内容。

　　面不能太窄，即：不足以概括全部内容;但是面也不能太宽，即：包含了文中没有阐述的内容。

　　例四：

　　Directions: Read the following passage and choose the best central thought

　　Sugar history in the Hawaiian Islands is filled with pioneering. In sailing ship days, Hawaiian sugar growers were many months from sources of supplies and from markets. This isolation built up among the Hawaiian growers an enduring spirit of cooperation. Growers shared with one another improvements in production. Without government aid of any sort, they built great irrigation projects. Without government help, they set up their own research and experiment organization. Pioneering together over the years, they have provided Hawaii with its largest industry.

　　(A) In sailing days, Hawaiian sugar growers were many months away from supplies and markets.

　　(B) Hawaiian sugar growers built their great industry without government help.

　　(D) By pioneering together, sugar growers have provided Hawaii with its largest industry.

　　(A)，(B)和(C)项只是文中提到的各项具体内容，作为主题思想面太窄了，只有(D)项才概括了全文要说明的问题，因此，(D)是该文的主题思想。

　　要求抓主题思想的另一种形式是为短文选择合适的标题，因为短文的标题常常也体现它所围绕的主题或讨论的中心。因此，为短文选择标题实际上也反映了对主题思想的掌握。

　　例五：

　　Directions: Read the following and choose the title that best expresses the ideas of the passage.

　　There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then the price rises. Of course, manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices.

　　(A) Economic Principles

　　(B) Law of Supply and Demand

　　(D) Fewer Goods, Higher Prices

　　该问题中，(A)泛指经济规律，面过宽;(C)和(D)只是供需规则的二个单独的方面不能包含全部，面太窄。正确的答案是(B)，因为这正是该短文自始至终谈论的主题。

　　例六：

　　Directions: Read the following passage and select the most appropriate title:

　　According to legend, the gods of the ancient Greeks lived in the clouds on the top of Mount Olympus. Zeus, the father of the gods, carried a bolt of lightning in his hand and ruled like an earthly king. Apollo was the sun god and his beams were golden arrows; he shielded the flocks of sheep and the fields of grain. Athena was the warrior goddess, standing in shining armor ready to protect the Greek cities. There were other gods as well, all with familiar human characteristics, but these were the leading gods.

　　(A) The Gods of the Ancient Greeks

　　(B) The Legend of the Sky God Zeus

　　(D) Religions of the Past

　　该问题中，(B)项只是文中提到的一项具体内容，作为主题思想面太窄了。(C)和(D)项泛指，面太宽。只有(A)项才概括了全文要说明的问题，是全文的主题。

　　三、一段文章的中心思想常常由主题句(Topic Sentence)表达。

　　主题句常常位于段首或段尾处，间或出现在段落中间。同样，一篇文章的中心思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此在阅读中，我们要特别注意文章的开头或结尾。

　　例七：

　　English is clearly an international language. It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world. Over 70 percent of the worlds radio programs are in English

　　本段主题句为首句，其后的内容均说明首句。

　　例八：

　　Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time

　　本段中心思想在结尾句得到体现，它是此段内容的结论。

　　例九：

　　For adults a cold is not that serious. However, this is not the case for children. Cold symptoms in children may be signs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt medical attention.

　　本段主题句为第二句，因为在however后面才是作者真正的看法，并在本文中进一步作了说明。

　　然而，我们也常常发现，有的主题思想并非直接由一、二个句子表述，而是在文中间接暗示着。这就需要读者根据文中细节进行概括与归纳，找出主题思想。

　　例十：

　　Its no wonder that we have so many rejections for physical reasons in our Selective Service. Since October of 1948, some six million young men have been examined for military duty. Of these, more than a million were rejected as physically unfit for military service. To get two men today, the United States Army must call seven men. Of the five rejected three are turned down for physical reasons and two for mental problems. To get the 196 thousand additional men we needed for Berlin, the government had to call up 750 thousand men. And the rejection rate is increasing each year. The reason for this problem is that we are under exercised as a nation. We look, instead of play. We ride, instead of walk. The way we live prevents us from being healthy.

　　本段中找不到某一句作为主题。根据文中的内容进行归纳，可找出主题思想，即：“The militarys rejection rate for physical reason is increasing because this nations lack of exercise is leading to poor health.”

　　在确定一篇文章的中心思想时，我们通常用快读的方法，从头至尾将全文浏览一遍，注意不要被个别词、句难住而停下来。要从上下文的连贯意思上来理解进行阐述的、有关这个主题我们了解了什么。这样，就可以比较有把握地概括出中心思想了。

　　在阅读理解测试中，常常用于检查对主题思想的掌握的问题有：

　　1. The main (central, principal) idea of this passage is __________________ .

　　2. The main idea of this selection may be best expressed as __________________.

　　3. The main theme (topic) of the passage is __________________ .

　　4. The passage is mainly about __________________ .

　　5. This passage deals mainly (primarily) with __________________ .

　　6. The authors purpose in writing this passage is __________________ .

　　7. The main purpose of the passage is __________________ .

　　8. The best (most appropriate) title of (for) this passage is __________________ .

　　9. What would be the most appropriate title for this passage?

　　10. What is the subject of this passage?

　　11. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

　　12. Which of the following best sums up the main idea of the whole passage?

　　如何抓住英语四级阅读的主题思想

　　1. 表明事件发生的时间顺序：根据这些词理清事物的发展顺序

　　then, first, at once, next, after that, previously(先前), while, when, the following day, etc.

　　2. 表明文章的组织结构：

　　1) 罗列(Listing): firstly, in the first place, secondly, thirdly, last/finally, etc.

　　2) 阐述，举例(Illustrating): for example/ for instance, to illustrate, an example/ instance of this is, let’s take….., take…. for example, etc.

　　3) 重申，进一步说明(Re-stating): in other words, that is to say, to put it another way, let me put it this way, or rather, namely, etc.

　　4) 谈及，提及(Referring): in this respect, in that connection, as we said, apart from this, etc.

　　5) 返回之前话题(resuming): to resume, to return to the previous point, getting back to the argument, etc.

　　6) 总结(Summarizing):文章主旨观点句一般都出现在以下词之后

　　to sum up, in short, it amounts to this, what I have been saying is this, etc.

　　7) 强调(Emphasizing): it is worth noting, I would like to direct your attention to, let us consider, we must now turn to, I shall begin by, etc.

　　3. 表明作者的观点、态度

　　1) 进一步论证观点(Introducing further evidence): moreover, furthermore, in addition, what’s more, as well, etc.

　　2) 引入原因(Cause): because (of), since, owing to, on account of, due to, as a result of, etc.

　　3) 表示结果(Effect): as a result, hence, therefore, consequently, thus, so, etc.

　　4) 表示转折(Contrasting): in / by contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand, nevertheless, whereas, while, yet, however, but, etc.

　　5) 表示对比(Comparison): in like manner, likewise, in the same way, similarly, in comparison with, etc.

　　6) 表示目的(Purpose): to this end, for this purpose, with this in mind, in order to, so that, etc.

　　7) 二次解释(Intensification): indeed, in fact, in any event / case, at no time, to tell the truth, etc

　　英语四级阅读选词填空五大技巧

　　英语四级阅读选词填空五大技巧

　　一、利用语法结构

　　在阅读文章前，考生应该首先根据词性将各选项进行归类，如名词、动词、形容词、副词各包括哪几个选项。然后，考生要根据空格所在句子的语法结构及上下文时态推测所填词可能的词性和形式，将选择范围限定在某一个或两个词性内。

　　四级阅读选词填空五大技巧

　　二、利用逻辑关系

　　解答选词填空，不能只考虑句子意思上的通顺，还要考虑上下文逻辑上的通顺，因此，把握上下文的因果、条件、转折、并列等逻辑关系，将有助于考生理解上下文的意思，从而推测出所填可能的含义。

　　英语四级阅读选词填空五大技巧

　　三、利用复现关系

　　复现包括近义复现、反义复现、上义词复现、下义词复现以及同根词复现，在行文过程中，这种复现现象经常出现，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能在上下文中存在与其对应的指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词，甚至是原词。考生在解题时，要注意根据语境找到这些词语之间的有机联系。

　　英语四级阅读选词填空五大技巧

　　四、利用共现关系

　　共现主要是指语义场共现，即相互关联的一些词语共同描述同一个话题场景。一篇文章中，每一个空格都不是孤立的，它很可能与上下文中的一些词汇属于同一个语义场，即描述同一个话题。

　　英语四级阅读选词填空五大技巧

　　五、利用搭配关系

　　利用空格处与前后词语的搭配关系往往可以排除一些明显不符合搭配关系的选项，缩小选择范围，提高答案的准确率。考虑词语的搭配关系，不仅要考虑结构上的习惯搭配，还要考虑语义上的搭配关系。

　　总之，选择填空的核心在于通过各种线索确定词性和意义，从而实现成功匹配。

　　可以先通过词的后缀等对选项进行合理的分类，分不出的可先模糊处理。再通过文章逐一确定空格所需要的词性和意义。它需要看句子中此词所处的位置，它的周边环境。有时甚至需要跳出此句，看前文或后文。如指代词/句间连词要向前寻找;而段首的抽象表达可能要从下文找到钥匙。

　　英语四级考试阅读理解做题方法：两步走

　　大学英语四级考试(CET-4)的第二部分，也就是作文之后的快速阅读，往往是各位考生普遍比较头痛的部分。快速阅读的难度最主要表现在文章的篇幅巨大，字数太多，时间又太短，很难做完。快速阅读的篇幅字数在以往考试中始终保持在1060--1070词左右，本篇例文的字数是1061词，但如果再加上题干与选项就达到了1452词，快速阅读在考试中的时间限制是15分钟，其中还有1分钟用来填写机读卡，所以真正的时间只有14分钟，完成一篇1452词的文章的阅读并准确做出10道题，对于考生的压力可想而知。对于快速阅读的解答，考生需要从两个途径共同提升，一是正确的解题方法与技巧，二是懂得取舍的心态。

　　● 正确的解题方法与技巧

　　快速阅读本质上考察的是考生的“文字材料处理”与“信息查找比对”的能力。因此，不需要考生对文章中所有信息事无巨细的完整把握，而是根据题干中的问题回到文章中进行查找比对，正确答案也往往是对文章信息的直接照抄或轻微改写。考察的重点是放在查找比对上，而不是深入理解，这也正是应和了快速阅读的题型要求skimming and scanning(略读与寻读)。

　　建议考生可以按照“三步走”的思路来进行解题：

　　1. 浏览大标题和小标题(了解文章主题结构)

　　2. 精读文章的开头(准确把握文章的主题)

　　3. 看一题做一题，关键词定位配合顺序原则

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