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GRE英语阅读长难句实例分析
如果句子只包含一个主谓结构,句子各个成分都只由单词或短语表示。下面就与大家分享一下GRE英语阅读长难句实例分析,一起来看看吧!
GRE英语阅读长难句实例分析 1
My point is that its central consciousnessits profound understanding of class and gender as shaping influences on peoples livesowes much to that earlier literary heritage,a heritage that,in general,has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporary literary critics.
难句类型:复杂修饰、插入语
译文:我的论点是,其作品的中心意识它将阶级和性别作为人们生活的决定性影响而作出的深邃理解在很大程度上借鉴了那个早期的文学遗产,而这一遗产就总体而言还尚未获得大多数当代文学评论家的足够重视。
解释:宾语从句中的主语和谓语被长插入语分开,造成阅读障碍。插入语中有一个固定搭配understanding of A as B,是把A理解成B的.意思。不过本句中as的宾语不容易理解:shaping influences on peoples lives可以理解成形成了对人们生活的影响也可以理解成对人们生活的塑造性影响。当然后面的理解是正确的,然而在阅读现场想要在瞬间做出正确判断,还有赖于考生的阅读理解力和词汇功底的深浅。插入语后面还有一个固定搭配:A owes much to B,指前者有很多东西是来自于后者,得益于后者的。
意群训练:My point is that its central consciousnessits profound understanding of class and gender as shaping influences on peoples livesowes much to that earlier literary heritage,a heritage that,in general,has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporary literary critics.
GRE英语阅读长难句实例分析 2
例如: Most novelists and historians writing in the early to mid-twentieth century who considered women in the West, when they considered women at all, fell under Turner’s spell.这句话的中文意思是从本世纪初到本世纪中叶从事写作的小说家和历史学家只要描写妇女,就会描述西部妇女,而且都被特纳迷住。这句话的主干是Most novelists and historians fell under Turner’s spell.其主语和谓语间被writing引导的修饰用的短语,一个由who引导的用于修饰Most novelists and historians的定语从句,和在这个由who引导的定语从句中的状语从句所分割开来。
当然有时还会存在这样的情况,即同位语或同位语从句与先行词的分割是为了照顾句子结构平衡或突出强调的需要。
例如:After Galileo’s work the feeling grew that there were universal laws governing the motion of bodies and that these laws might apply to motion in the heavens as well as on earth.这句话的中文意思是在伽利略著作之后,这样的认识加强了,即认为存在着支配物体运动的普遍规律,这些规律不仅支配着地球上的.而且也支配着天体上的物体的运动。在这句话中the feeling和that引导的从句被分割。
此外,还有定语(或定语从句)与中心词被分割;某些词与其所要求的介词被分割;动词与其宾语被分割等等许多情况。总之,英语的分割遵循的是尾重原则,即将长而复杂的成分放在句末,从而使结构平衡均匀,以避免主语部分太长,谓语部分太短),和句尾信息焦点原则,即把新信息(往往是语义的重点)放在句子末尾。所以阅读时一定要注意先找出句子主干来,再来分析句子的其他部分。
A contiguous zone is an area extending seaward from the territorial sea in which the coastal or island nation may exercise the control necessary to prevent or punish infringement of its customs, along with its fiscal, immigration, and sanitary laws and regulations that occur within its territory or territorial sea (but not for so-called security purposes)。
句子解析:这句话的主干部分十分简单就是A contiguous zone is an area。后面的extending引导的短语是用来定义和解释area的,而再后面的in which引导的定语从句部分也是用来修饰它的,而在这个定语从句中还有一个由that引导的定语从句,用于修饰其前面的infringement但它被一起修饰作用的介词短语所分割。
句子翻译:毗连区是从领海向外海一侧伸延的一片海区,沿海国或岛国在这一海区内可行使必要的管制,以防止或惩罚在其领土或领海内违反其海关、财政、移民和卫生法律与规章的行为(而不是所谓的安全目的)。
Anyone considering taking part in a work of transformation of those forms of older art which seem to us in many ways unsatisfactory, so that they should be more in turn with the changing timers, and anyone who does not quail at the prospect of seeking out new forms of expression for new materials and new building function, will find spiritual kinship, observing Borromini’s buildings.
句子解析:这句话很长但这句话的主干很简单就是Anyone and anyone will find spiritual kinship,在两个并列的主语之间加入了一大段的用于解释说明第一个anyone,并且在这一大段中还有which引导的定语从句用于修饰those forms of older art,而在第二个主语同谓语部分之间还被一个由who引导的用于修饰第二个anyone的定语从句所分割,observing Borromini’s buildings只是这个主干部分的状语部分用于进一步说明。
句子翻译:旧艺术形式在许多方面似乎不能令我们满意,这就有待于我们去变革这些形式以更好地跟上变化多端的时代步伐,任何考虑参加这项工作的人,任何勇于为新材料和新建筑功能探索新表现形式的人,观察一下博罗里尼的建筑,都会发现精神上的类似。
GRE英语阅读长难句实例分析 3
The very richness and complexity of the meaningful relationships that kept presenting and rearranging themselves on all levels,from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings, made it difficult for Proust to set them out coherently.
各种有意义的联系在所有的层次上,自抽象的理性至深刻的梦幻般的情感,层出不穷并不断重新组合排列;正是这些有意义的联系的丰富性和复杂性,致使普鲁斯特难于将它们错落有致地安排好。
难句类型:复杂修饰、插入语、抽象词
解释:请原谅笔者在此所做中文翻译的艰涩难懂,为了让读者能够更好地理解句子的结构,本书尽量把中文翻译与英文原文的语序相对应,而且尽可能的不用意译。为了达到这个目的,可以说绞尽脑汁,但本句之难懂也全非笔者之故,原文作者使用了大量的抽象词。本句仍然来自于上面说过的这篇关于普鲁斯特的文章。句中的主语是The very richness and complexity,其后的修饰成分长达三行,of the meaningful relationships that kept presenting and rearranging themselves on all levels from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings,其中还夹杂着插入语,有效地分开了主语和谓语。其实本句虽然结构也比较复杂,但是不见得比前面的.句子复杂得多,其真正的难点,还在于句子中大量的抽象词的使用。由于笔者在附录中所提到的原因,抽象词可以严重地占据大脑资源,因此带有大量的抽象词的结构复杂的句子就更为难懂,比如本句就是一个很好的例子,复杂修饰与抽象词狼狈为奸,句意另人难以理解。
意群训练:The very richness and complexity of the meaningful relationships that kept presenting and rearranging themselves on all levels,from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings, made it difficult for Proust to set them out coherently.
GRE英语阅读长难句实例分析 4
Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatlyincreased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , anelement in national life representing irresponsible wealth detachedfrom the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equallydetached from the responsible management of business.[句子主干]Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased…shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…
[语法难点]本句是典型的非限定性定语从句,难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定,并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的.。分句an element…landowners 又带有两个定语从句,一个是(which was)representing…另一个是(which was)detached…可见,定语从句的难点在于经常省略“引导词+be”的结构,从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。
[句子翻译]对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分,代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离,而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。
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