关系副词引导的定语从句

相关推荐

关系副词引导的定语从句

　　由关系副词引导的定语从句,关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。下面是小编分享给大家的关系副词引导的定语从句，希望对大家有帮助。

　　关系副词引导的定语从句1

　　关系副词引导的定语从句

　　1）who, whom, that

　　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

　　Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

　　他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

　　He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

　　他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

　　2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：

　　They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙，英语语法《关系代词引导的定语从句》。

　　Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

　　3）which, that

　　它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

　　A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）

　　The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）

　　定语从句引导词的用法

　　1.who指人,在从句中做主语

　　(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

　　(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

　　2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略.

　　(1) Mr.Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

　　(2) Mr.Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.

　　注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略.

　　(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

　　3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略

　　(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

　　(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

　　4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom；指物时,相当于which.在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略.

　　(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.

　　(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

　　5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语

　　(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

　　(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

　　whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替

　　(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

　　(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

　　(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

　　(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

　　2.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

　　关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导

　　(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

　　(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.

　　(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.

　　(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.

　　(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.

　　(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.

　　注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如：look for,look after,take care of等

　　(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for.(T)

　　(2) This is the watch for which I am looking.(F)

　　2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that；指物时用which,不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose

　　(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)

　　(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend.(F)

　　(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable.(T)

　　(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.(F)

　　3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词

　　(1) He loved his parents deeply,both of whom are very kind to him.

　　(2) In the basket there are quite many apples,some of which have gone bad.

　　(3) There are forty students in our class in all,most of whom are from big cities.

　　3．关系副词引导的定语从句

　　1.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语

　　(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

　　(2) The time when we got together finally came.

　　2.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语

　　(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.

　　(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

　　3.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语

　　(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

　　(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

　　注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

　　(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,

　　(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

　　(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.

　　关系副词引导的定语从句2

　　1）when, where, why

　　关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于 "介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：

　　There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

　　Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

　　Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗

　　2）that代替关系副词

　　that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的'名词后取代when, where, why和 "介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：

　　His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

　　He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

　　【关系副词VS关系代词】

　　先来看一看关系副词和我们熟知的关系代词有什么关联。

　　以where为例，首先问大家一个问题，where是什么意思呢？“哪儿！”你肯定会毫不犹豫的给出这个答案，然后躲到电脑后，偷笑栗子问的问题太弱。其实不然。

　　我们换个问题“Where are you?”翻译成中文是“你哪儿？”还是“你在哪儿？”我想这次应该大家会毫不犹豫的选后者吧！没错，where确切翻译应该是“在哪儿”，所以见到“Where did Tom live?”时，我们的答案是“Tom lived in Beijing.”而非“Tom lived Beijing.”

　　接下来回到正题，我们通过以下的等式替换来看看关系副词和关系代词的关系吧。首先有两个简单句：

　　We visited the city center. Tom lived in the city center.

　　针对这两个简单句我们做两个设计：

　　1）把他们合并成一个由which引导的定语从句，不难得出是：We visited the city center in which Tom lived.

　　定语从句中which指代的正是city center，即which=the city center.

　　2）再针对第二个简单句提一个问题：

　　Where did Tom live?

　　因为where是“在哪儿”所以它对应的答案是“in the city”而非“the city”，即where=in the city

　　综合以上两点which=the city center，where= in the city center，显而易见where=in which，也就是说，关系副词=介词+关系代词。所以该定语从句可以换种写法就是：We visited the city where Tom lived.因为where在定语从句中指代是地点状语，所以属于关系副词。相应的when指代时间状语、why指代原因状语。

　　关系副词引导的定语从句3

　　关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

　　1. 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which" 结构交替使用，例如：

　　There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.

　　Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.

　　Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

　　关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略。

　　(1) Behind one door was a hungry tiger (that/which) the guards had put there.

　　(2) The tiger would immediately jump upon the poor man (whom/who) the guards had brought to the arena.

　　whose只用作定语,可以用来指人或物; 若指物，它还可以同of which互换, 例如：

　　(1) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

　　(2) Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.

　　关系副词引导的定语从句4

　　When引导限定性定语从句是对先行词进行修饰限定，在语法上就是一个定语。

　　例句1：Thereare occasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.

　　任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

　　例句2：Iwillneverforgetthedayswhen(inwhich)wesharedalltherosesandthorns.

　　我永远都不会忘记我们在一起同甘共苦的日子。

　　关系副词when引导非限定性定语从句

　　When引导非限定性定语从句时对先行词的补充说明，在语法上其实相当于补语。

　　正是在中秋节这个家人团圆的日子，我却独自离开家乡去了一个陌生的城市。

　　注释：when在这里引导非限定性定语从句，并在从句中充当状语，这里也可以用onwhich代替。

　　关系副词when引导定语从句时的模糊化

　　在when引导定语从句时，大多数时候定语从句的先行词都是比较明显的时间词，比如：time,year,month等。但是，有一些抽象的先行词具有模糊时间概念的，比如：stay,visit,occasion,interval,moment,span,age等。此时，如果定语从句需要用关系副词连接，同样也用when。

　　例句1：IwillbrandmygoldenstayinParisonmyheartwhenIledahappyandfruitfullife.我会将我在巴黎那段幸福而有收获的日子铭记于心。

　　注释：此时先行词stay就是一个具有模糊时间概念的先行词，when在定语从句中充当时间状语，相当于duringwhich。

　　例句2：Attheagewhenotherpeopleretire,Francisbeganthegreatestcauseinhislife.在一个别人退休的年龄，弗朗西斯开始了他一生中最伟大的事业。

　　注释：此时age是一个具有模糊概念的先行词，when在定语从句中充当时间状语，相当于inwhich）

　　通过上述分析我们可以了解到when引导的定语从句在高考中常考的内容就是先行词的模糊化，也是难度相对较大的考察方向。所以，小编建议大家在学习的过程中对于这些较模糊的先行词要多积累，多运用，以留下深刻的映像并形成习惯。

【关系副词引导的定语从句】上海花千坊相关的文章：