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限定性定语从句英文
限定性定语从句英文
1、前置法
把定语从句翻译到它所修饰的先行词前面,常常用“的”来连接。(定语从句较短,结构简单)
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.
没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.
太空和海洋是科学家们正努力探索的新世界。
2、后置法
把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面,翻译为并列分句,关系词可以翻译为先行词或者与先行词相对应的代词。英语的英语从句结构常常比较复杂,如果翻译在其修饰的先行词前面的.话,会显得定语太臃肿,而无法叙述清楚。
Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area.
他虽然经验不足,但很有进取心和创造力,而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。
3、状译法
有些定语从句,在逻辑上与主句有状语关系,表示原因、条件、结果、让步等,译成汉语中相对应的逻辑关系,翻译为状语从句。
He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for.
他坚持再买一幢房子,尽管他用不着。
4、融合法
前三种翻译方法在考研英语翻译中会经常使用,而最后一种方法-融合法不太常用,仅供大家了解。
把主句和定语从句融合成一个简单句,其中定语从句译成简单句中的谓语部分。
In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.
在我们工厂里,许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。
There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.
楼下有人要见你。
练习题目:
As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:
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