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高中英语知识要点总结

时间:2022-07-20 17:36:37 英语 我要投稿
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高中英语知识要点总结大全

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高中英语知识要点总结大全

  高中英语知识要点总结 篇1

  一、定语

  定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。 汉语中常用……的表示。定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。在汉语中,中心语与定语二者之间有的需要用结构助词“的”,有的不需要,有的可要可不要。 “的”是定语的标志。

  二、状语

  英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语(adverbial)。

  状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。

  副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。

  三、补语

  英语补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。

  四、表语

  表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当,它常位于系动词(be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词)之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。

  高中英语知识要点总结 篇2

  一般过去时

  1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

  2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:

  ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)

  ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren‘t)

  3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子

  否定句:didn’t 动词原形,如:Jim didn‘t go home yesterday。

  动词过去式变化规则:

  1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:work__-worked ,

  cook-cooked

  2.结尾是e加d,如:live____lived

  3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:

  stop-stopped

  4.以辅音字母 y结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,

  如:study-studied

  5.不规则动词过去式:

  am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made,

  read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat

  高中英语知识要点总结 篇3

  1.blow 用法:blow down/away

  Note: 表示风刮得很大时要用blow hard.

  2.boil 用法:boiling表示沸腾的;boiled表示煮过的。

  Note: boiling point可以表示沸点。

  3.borrow 用法:borrow表示借入:lend表示借出。

  Note: 点动词,不能表示借的时间长短。

  4.breath 用法:hold one’s breath;out of breath; save one’s breath

  Note: take a breath表示深吸一口气;take breath表示喘口气。

  5.burn 用法:burn down/up/one’s hand

  Note: burning表示点着的;burnt表示烧坏的。

  6.business 用法:on business表示出差;in/out of business表示开/关张。 Note: 表示商业时不可数,表示具体的行业时可数。

  7.busy 用法:be busy with/doing.

  Note: 不能说My work is busy. 应说I am busy with my work.

  8.buy 用法:buy sth. for 5 dollars; buy sth. for sb.

  Note: 点动词,不能表示买的时间长短。

  9.but 用法:not…but.. but for next but one , have no choice bu to do sth., all but 几乎,差一点

  Note: do nothing but do sth. nothing前有do,后面的to要省略。Not only… but also…引导的并列句,前倒后不倒。cannot help/ choose but do sth. 不能不,只能

  10.by 用法:by accident, by air/ sea/ train, by and by, by far, by force, by mistake, by chance, by the way

  Note: by way of 取道,经由。by reason of 由于。by 引导的时间状语一般句子用完成时态。

  高中英语知识要点总结 篇4

  1.able 用法:be able to do

  Note: 反义词unable表示不能,而disabled表示残疾的。

  be able to do可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。

  2.abroad 用法:表示到(在)国外,是一个副词,前面不加介词。

  Note: 可以说from abroad, 表示从国外回来。

  3.admit 用法:表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式。

  Note: 表示允许进入的时候与介词to搭配。

  4.advise 用法:advise sb. to do; advise doing

  Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即:advise that sb. (should) do的形式。

  5.afford 用法:通常与动词不定式搭配使用。

  Note: 前面需要有be able to或can等词。

  6.after 用法:表示在时间、空间之后;be after表示追寻。

  Note: 用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点,而in接一个时间段,如:after 3 o’clock; in 3 days.

  7.agree 用法:与介词on, to, with及动词不定式搭配。

  Note: agree on表示达成一致;agree to表示批准;agree with表示同意某人说的话。

  8.alive 用法:表语性形容词,在句中只能作表语,不能作定语。

  Note: 可以作状语使用,表示活活地,如:bury sb. 高中生物 alive.

  9.allow 用法:allow doing; allow sb. to do

  Note: 可以表示允许进入,如:Please allow me in.

  10.among 用法:用在三者或三者以上的群体中。

  Note: 还可以表示其中之一,如:He is among the best.

  11.and 用法:用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。

  Note: 与祈使句搭配时往往可以表示条件。如:Work hard, and you’ll succeed sooner or later.

  12.another 用法:表示又一个,泛指,相当于one more的含义。

  Note: 不能直接加复数名词,需要与一个数词搭配,如:another 2 weeks.

  13.answer 用法:及物动词,但在作名词时要与介词to搭配。

  Note: 可以表示接电话、应门等。如:answer the phone/door.

  14.anxious 用法:be anxious for/about/to do

  Note: be anxious about表示担心;be anxious for表示盼望得到。

  15.appear 用法:不及物动词,没有宾语,没有被动语态。

  Note: 还可以作为系动词,与seem同义,表示看起来……。

  16.arrive 用法:arrive at表示到一个小地方;arrive in表示到一个大地方。

  Note: 引申含义表示得出,如:arrive at a decision/conclusion.

  17.ask 用法:ask to do; ask sb. to do; ask for

  Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即:ask that sb. (should) do的形式。

  18.asleep 用法:表语性形容词,在句中只能作表语,不能作定语。

  Note: 通常与动词be及fall搭配;sound asleep表示熟睡。

  19.attend 用法:表示参加,后面经常加上meeting, lecture, conference, class, school, wedding, funeral等词;也可以表示照顾,照料。

  Note: attend to可以表示处理、照料等。

  20.attention 用法:pay attention to; draw/catch sb’s attention

  Note: 写通知时的常用语:May I have your attention, please?

  21.beat 用法:表示打败某人,或连续不断地击打某物。

  Note: heartbeat表示心跳。

  高中英语知识要点总结 篇5

  1. advance的用法

  构词:advanced adj. 高等的先进的,高深的

  搭配:

  ① in advance 在前头,预先,事先

  ② in advance of 在……前面;比……进步;超过

  ③ on the advance (物价)在上涨

  【考例】It is said that Miss White had some difficulty in studying the ____ maths.

  A. improved B. developed C. advanced D. increased

  [考查目标] 本题考查形容词advanced与近义词的区别。

  [答案与解析]C “高等数学”的英译是advanced maths,advanced意思是“先进的。高级的”。

  2. before 的特殊用法

  (1) He had run out of the room before I could stop him.我还没来得及拦住他,他就跑出了屋子。

  (2) Three weeks went by before We knew it. 三周过去了,我们才意识到。(或:时间不知不觉已过三周了。)

  (3) It wasn't / didn't take long before he returned.他没过多久就回来了。

  It won't be long before we graduate. 不要过多久我们就要毕业了。

  3. chance的用法

  搭配:

  ① by any chance 万一,碰巧,或许

  ② by chance 偶然,意外地

  ③ take a / one's chance 冒一冒险,碰碰运气,利用一下机会

  【考例6】 (2005南京模拟)Most of the ___are in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture.

  A. work B. luck C. chances D. services

  [考查目标] chance的词义。

  [答案与解析] C chance在本句的词义是“机会”。

  4. consider v.

  (1) 考虑

  A) consider + n. / doing

  I consider going abroad.

  B) consider + 疑问词 + to do

  You have to consider what to do next.

  (2) 认为

  A) consider + n. (+as / to be) + n. / adj.

  I consider Mary as / to be my best friend.

  They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country.

  B) consider + n. + to have done

  I consider him to have acted disgracefully.

  除了consider…as…表认为外,还有regard…as

  …,look on…as…,take…as…,think of…as…

  5. cost的用法

  构词:costly adj. 昂贵的,贵重的

  搭配:

  ① cost sb. sth. 花费某人(多少钱);让某人付出(代价)/牺牲……

  ② at all costs 不惜任何代价.无论如何

  ③ at any cost 不惜任何代价,无论如何

  ④ at cost (price) 按成本价格,按原价

  ⑤ at the cost of 以……为代价,用……换来的;丧失;牺牲

  【考例】They wondered how much this kind of car would ____ them.

  A. pay B. spend C. cost D. waste

  [考查目标] 本题考查cost和它的几个近义词的区别。

  [答案与解析] C cost的意思是“耗费”,主语是指物的

  名词.而pay和spend等的'主语是指人的名词。

  6. effect n. 效果;作用

  have an effect on sth.

  His words had a great pushing effect on his students.

  (1) be of no effect 无效

  (2) come into effect 开始生效;开始实行

  [比较] affect vt. 影响 The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.

  7. experience的用法

  构词: experienced adj. 有经验的,熟练的

  搭配:

  ① by experience 凭经验;从经验中

  ② from experience 凭经验;从经验中

  ③ gain experience in… 获得……经验

  ④ be experienced in… 某方面有经验

  友情提示: experience这个词作为可数名词用时,解释为“经历”,作为不可数名词用时解释为“经验”。

  【考例】 (2005山西模拟) ____teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily formed.

  A. Knowledge B. Teachers C. Experience D. Parents

  [考查目标] experience的意思。

  [答案与解析] C experience常为不可数名词,意思是“经验”。

  8. fear n. & vt.

  (1) n. 恐惧 (多作不可数名词)

  His face was growing pale with fear.

  忧虑;担心的事(可数)

  There is no reason for your fears.

  for fear of 由于怕……,以防

  He left an hour earlier for fear of missing his train.

  for fear (that) 惟恐;怕的是;以防

  She worried for fear that the child would be hurt.

  in fear of 害怕;担心

  The thief was in fear of the police.

  (2) v. 恐惧;害怕,接 n. / pron.

  Cats fear big dogs.

  恐惧;害怕,接to do

  Don't fear to tell the truth.

  恐怕;担心,接从句

  She feared that she might not find him in his room.

  构词:fearful adj. 可怕的,严重的;惧怕的,胆怯的;担心的,忧虑的 fearless adj. 不怕的,大胆的,勇敢的,无畏的

  搭配:

  ① be in fear (of) (为……而)提心吊胆

  ② for fear of 因为怕;以免,怕的是

  ③ for fear that-clause 生怕;为了防止(某事发生)

  ④ have a fear that-clause 担心/怕(发生某事)

  ⑤ with fear 吓得,怕得

  ⑥ fear (vi.) for... 担心/忧虑……

  【考例】(2004江苏)He got to the station early, ____ missing his train.

  A. in case of B. instead of

  C. for fear of D. in search

  [考查目标] fear构成的短语的用法和意思。

  [答案与解析]C for fear of 常在句中作状语,意思是 “怕的是……。担心……”。

  9. fun n. 高兴;乐趣;有趣的人或事

  (1) for fun 为了高兴;为着好玩

  I only did it for fun.

  (2) make fun of 开……的玩笑;取笑

  It is wrong to make fun of a cripple.

  [比较]

  (1) laugh at 笑(某人);嘲笑

  It's unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble.

  (2) play a joke on 开(某人的)玩笑

  10. means n. 手段;办法

  (1) by means of 用……;依靠……

  The water may be carried by means of a pipe.

  (2) by all means 一定;务必;(表示同意)当然可以,没问题:务必,无论如何,千方百计地

  Try by all / every means to persuade him to come.

  (3) by no means 完全不是;一点也不;决不

  This is by no means the first time you have been late.

  还有: by this means 用这种方法; by any means 用一切可能的方法或手段

  【考例】(MET 1991)Students sometimes support them- selves by ____ of evening job.

  A. ways B. offers C. means D.helps

  [考查目标] by means of 短语的意思。

  [答案与解析] C by means of 的意思是“通过某种手段”。

  11. normal adj. 正常的;正规的

  the normal temperature, normal behavior

  (1) regular 规则的;有规律的

  keep regular hours 生活有规律;按时作息

  (2) common普通的;常见的

  Tom is a common name in Britain. 共有的;共同的

  have a common interest 有着共同爱好

  (3) usual 惯常的;惯例的

  It's usual with him to go to the office on foot.

  (4) ordinary 平凡的;普通的 in ordinary dress

  12. once的用法

  搭配:

  ① all at once 突然;同时

  ② at once 立刻,马上;同时

  ③ (every) once in a while 偶尔,有时,间或

  ④ for this once (= for once,just for once) 就这一次; 破例一回

  ⑤ more than once 不止一次,多次

  ⑥ not once 一次也不

  ⑦ once again / more再一次

  ⑧once and again一再,再三

  ⑨ once or twice 一两次;有时,偶尔

  ⑩ once too often又(多了)一次

  once upon a time从前

  【考例】(2004上海) ____ we have learned something, additional learning increases the length of time we will remember it.

  A. Before B. Once C. Until D. Unless

  [考查目标] 连词once的用法和词义。

  [答案与解析] B once在作连词使用时意思是“一旦”。

  13. prefer v. 宁愿;更喜欢

  (1) prefer + n. / pron.

  The boy preferred a detective story.

  (2) prefer + v. -ing

  Do you prefer living abroad?

  (3) prefer + to do

  She prefers to live among the working people.

  (4) prefer sb. to do sth.

  She preferred him to stay at home.

  (5) prefer + n. / pron. / doing + to + n. / pron. / doing 喜欢……而不喜欢 I prefer the town to the country. / While he was in the office he preferred doing something to doing nothing.

  (6) prefer to do...rather than do = would rather do ... than do... 宁愿……而不愿 I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.

  (7) prefer + 从句(谓语动词用should do,should可省略) She preferred that he should do it in the kitchen.

  14. protect的用法

  构词:protection n. 保护(者/物),防御

  搭配:protect sb from / against 防止……遭受……;使……免于,保护……使不受

  【考例】 (MET 1992) Clarke was greatly admired at the club for the successful ____.

  A. self-satisfaction B. self-protection

  C. self-respect D. self-service

  [考查目标] protect及其派生词的词义。

  [答案与解析]B self-protection是名词,意思是“自我保护”。

  15. separate的用法

  构词:separation n. [U]分开,分离

  搭配:

  ① separate A from B 把A和B分开

  ② A is separated from B by… A和B为……所分开/阻隔

  ③ separate sth (up) into… 把……分成(几分)

  辨析:separate; divide; part 都含“分开”的意思。

  separate 指“把原来在一起的人或物分开”。例如: Separate those two boys who are fighting, will you? (你)把那两个打架的孩子拉开,好吗?

  divide 指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整体分成若干部分”。

  part指“把密切相关的人或物分开”,还有“分手”之意。

  【考例】(NMET 2001)As we joined the big crowd I got ____ from my friends.

  A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed

  [考查目标] 动词separate的词义。

  [答案与解析] A separated和get搭配有被动意义,表示“被隔开;被分隔”。

  高中英语知识要点总结 篇6

  基础落实

  Ⅰ.高频单词思忆

  1.We shouldn’t have a wrong (态度) towards the students who are poor at their studies. ?

  2.He is (有决心的) to catch up with the others. ?

  3.He was too (顽固的) to admit that he was wrong. ?

  4.The new bridge has been finished two years ahead of (日程).

  5.We are looking for someone who is (可靠的) and hard-working.

  6.We tried tophim to give up smoking, but he just wouldn’t listen.

  7.Though with great difficulty, I finished all my workf.

  8.Excuse me, what is thefto London? Is $5 enough? ?

  9.The captain kept ajwhen he was at sea. He wrote down everything that happened.

  10.Your maindis your lack of job experience.

  Ⅱ.重点短语再现

  1. 从那以后?

  2. 喜爱;喜欢

  3. 关心;忧虑;惦念?

  4. 改变主意?

  5. 下决心;决定?

  6. 投降;屈服;让步?

  7. 照常?

  8. 在午夜?

  9. 从……毕业?

  10. 劝服某人做某事

  Ⅲ.典型句式运用?

  1.Think about the fare for different kinds of transport and decide how to get there.

  考虑一下不同交通方式的费用,再决定如何去 那儿。本句中的 属于“疑 问词+不定式”结构,在此作动词decide的 。 该结构应用非常广泛,是一个重要的考点。它的用法如下:?

  (1)“疑问词+不定式”结构中的疑问词,包括疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词how, when, where 等。这种结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等,相当于一个名词性从句,常常可用同等成分的从句代替。改写时只需在疑问词后加上适当的主语,并将不定式改成适当形式的谓语

  (2)“疑问词+不定式”结构经常放在tell, show, teach, learn, know, wonder, discuss, remember, forget, find out等动词(词组)之后作宾语

  2.When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 metres, she seemed to be excited about it.

  当我告诉她我们的旅行将从五千多米的高地出发时,她看起来很兴奋

  本句中的seem后面跟了不定式结构,意 为“ ”。现对seem的用法讲

  解如下:?

  (1)vi.似乎,好像。后面可跟不定式的一般式、完成式和进行式

  (2)系动词,看来,似乎(是什么样子)。后面跟形容词、名词或介词短语。

  3.Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.她一旦下定决心,就没有事情能改变它

  本句是一个复合句,once是连词,引导 从句,意为“ ”,once 引导的从句常用一般现在时或现在完成时代替将来时态。

  4.It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across western Yunnan Province.穿过深谷时它就变成了急湍,流经云南 省西部 句中 为现在分词短语作状语,伴随主句谓语动词becomes发生。现在分词作状语时, 其分词动作的逻辑主语就是句子中的主语,表示分词动作与主语是 关系。

  导练互动

  重点单词

  1.prefer?

  Which kind of transport do you to use: bus or train?(回归课本P17)

  观察思考?

  I would prefer meat to fish.? 我喜欢肉胜过(喜欢)鱼

  I prefer singing to acting.? 我喜欢唱歌胜过演戏

  He prefers to stay at home rather than go shopping.?他宁可呆在家里也不愿意去逛商店。

  归纳总结?

  prefer 。

  (1)prefer sth.更喜欢……?

  prefer (sb.) to do sth.更喜欢(某人)做……?

  prefer that更喜欢[that从句中常用(should)+动词原形]?

  prefer sth./doing...to sth./doing...与……相比更喜欢……;宁愿……,不愿……?

  prefer to do...rather than do...宁可……也不……?

  (2)preference n. 偏爱;爱好;喜爱?

  give preference to sb./sth.给……以优惠;优待

  in preference to sb./sth.而不是?

  即学即用?

  (1)He prefers indoors out this afternoon.?

  A. to stay; to go B. staying; to go

  C. to stay; to going D. staying; to going

  (2)The little girl go to the cinema rather than at home alone that night.?

  A. preferred; stay B. prefers to; to stay

  C. preferred to; stay D. prefers to; stay

  2.persuade?

  ...and then she me to buy one.

  (回归课本P18)

  观察思考?

  He strongly urged me that I do that thing, but he did not persuade me.?

  他极力主张我去干那件事,但没有劝我

  Nothing can persuade her to change her mind once it is made up.?

  一旦她下定决心就没有什么可以说服她改变主意。

  ?I was almost persuaded of his honesty.? 我几乎相信他是诚实的了

  She persuaded him that she was telling the truth.? 她让他相信她讲的是实话。

  高考英语单项选择题型五大解题技巧

  虽然题型朝着新颖性变化,但是还是跳脱不开考察语言基础:

  1、;2、对近义词或习惯用语的辨析;3、日常交际用语。

  而这三个方面各有其内在规律,因此只要我们了解了这些规律,掌握这些规律,就能逐渐形成答好单项填空题目的解题技巧。

  高考的要想快又准地做好单选题,必须具备下列技巧:

  1.题眼法&ldquo 高中英语;题眼”是指题干中的关键词或关键符号,它具有提示信息的作用。一旦抓住了它,就能掌握选择的依据。如时间、地点、关联词、转折词等。

  2.还原法:把倒装式、强调式或疑问式的题干变换为陈述句,再选就容易多了。

  3.排除法:对于难度较大的题,一时不知道选哪一个。这时要逐个试填,最后,选取组成最好语境的选项。

  4.推理法:根据前后文,进行逻辑推理,在四个选项都可填入的情况下,要认真阅读全句,仔细体会其语境,根据前后文,进行判断。

  5.归类法:根据句意,把选项分组归类,缩小范围,提高做题的速度和准确性。

  总而言之,英语单选即前面一篇博文所说,抓住语境是第一法则。这类都是为了更好的找出句子所表达的真正目的。

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