2023职称英语卫生类A阅读判断练习题

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2023职称英语卫生类A阅读判断练习题

　　无论在学习或是工作中，我们最熟悉的就是练习题了，多做练习方可真正记牢知识点，明确知识点则做练习效果事半功倍，必须双管齐下。相信很多朋友都需要一份能切实有效地帮助到自己的习题吧？以下是小编为大家整理的2023职称英语卫生类A阅读判断练习题，希望能够帮助到大家。

2023职称英语卫生类A阅读判断练习题

　　职称英语卫生类A阅读判断练习题 1

　　Breakfast is not only the most important meal of the day, but also the most neglected or skipped . common reasons for not eating breakfast include lack of time, not feeling hungry, traditional dislike for breakfast , and dieting.

　　Breakfast simply means the fast. Your body spends at least six to twelve hours each night in a fasting state. In the morning your body needs energy to rev up(转动起来)into high gear for the day’s work ahead.

　　If you skip breakfast , you are likely to concentrate less effectively in the late morning ,feel irritable(易怒的),short-tempered ,tired ,or weak.

　　When you choose not to eat breakfast, your body stays in slow gear. Also , people who skip breakfast often binge(无节制的吃)later in the day at other meals or eat a high-calorie snack in the morning .breakfast eaters tend to eat less fat during the day, have more strength and endurance and better concentration and problem solving ability.

　　Not hungry in the morning ? well , what time was dinner? Did you have a large evening snack? A large dinner or a large bedtime snack can cause you to not feel hungry in the morning. It makes sense to eat more in the morning when there is a full day of activity ahead of you. Instead we, tend to have our largest meal in the evening when we are gearing down for sleep.

　　A good breakfast should provide up 1/3 of your total calorie needs for the day. On the average we eat 400 less calories for breakfast then for dinner. If breakfast doesn’t appeal to you in the morning, try eating a lighter diner earlier in the evening or save half your dinner for breakfast in the morning.

　　1. the writer thinks breakfast can be neglected or skipped in the day.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　2. some people do not eat breakfast because they want to lose weight.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　3. if a person does not have breakfast , he would likely find it hard to pay close attention to what he is doing.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　4. a good breakfast should provide up half of your total calorie needs for the day.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　5. the best breakfast foods are fruits, juice, lean meat, and grain products such as breads, rice, noodles, and cereals.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　6. eating breakfast regularly can help you lose weight.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　7. to make a breakfast more attractive , we can eat lighter dinner early in the evening.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　参考答案： B A A B C C A

　　职称英语卫生类A阅读判断练习题 2

　　Long before the white man came to the America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees lived in What is now the southeastern part of the United States.

　　After the white man came, the Cherokees copied many of their ways. One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw how important reading and writing was to the white man. He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language. He began by making word pictures. For each word he drew a picture. But that proved impossible-there were just too many words. Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language. Using this own imagination and an English spelling book, Sequoyah invented a sign for each sound. His alphabet proved amazingly easy to learn. Before long, many Cherokees knew how to read and write in their own language. By 1828, they were even printing their own newspaper.

　　In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed a law. It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands. The Cherokees refused to go. They had lived on their lands for centuries. It belonged to them. Why should they go to a strange land far beyond the Mississippi River?

　　The army was sent to drive the Cherokees out. Soldiers surrounded their villages and marched them at gunpoint into the western territory. The sick, the old and the small children went in carts, along with their belongings. The rest of the people marched on foot or rode on horseback. It was November, yet many of them still wore their summer clothes. Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey. Many dropped dead and were buried by the roadside. When the last group arrived in their new home in March 1839, more than 4,000 had died. It was indeed a march of death.

　　1. The Cherokee Nation used to live

　　A) on the American continent.

　　B) In the southeastern part of the US.

　　C) Beyond the Mississippi River.

　　D) In the western territory.

　　2. one of the ways that Sequoyah copied from the white man is the way of

　　A) writing down the spoken language.

　　B) Making word pictures.

　　C) Teaching his people reading.

　　D) Printing their own newspaper.

　　3. A law was passed in 1830 to

　　A) allow the Cherokees to stay where they were.

　　B) Send the army to help the Cherokees.

　　C) Force the Cherokees to move westward.

　　D) Forbid the Cherokees to read their newspaper.

　　4. When the Cherokees began to leave their lands.

　　A) they went in carts.

　　B) They went on horseback.

　　C) They marched on foot.

　　D) All of the above.

　　5. Many Cherokees died on their way to their new home mainly because

　　A) they were not willing to go there.

　　B) The government did not provide transportation

　　C) They did not have enough food and clothes.

　　D) The journey was long and boring.

　　KEY: BACDC

　　职称英语卫生类A阅读判断练习题 3

　　Will We Take Vacation in Spaces?

　　When Mike Kelly first set out to build his own private space-ferry service, he figured his bread-and-butter business would be lofting satellites into high-Earth orbit. Now he thinks he may have figured wrong. "People were always asking me when they could go," says Kelly, who runs Kelly Space & Technology out of San Bernardino, California. "I realized that real market is in space tourism."

　　According to preliminary market surveys, there are 10,000 would be space tourists willing to spend $1 million each to visit the final frontier. Space Adventure in Arlington, Virginia, has taken more than 130 deposits for a two-hour, $98,000 space tour tentatively (and somewhat dubiously) set to occur by 2005. Gene Meyers of the Space Island Group says: "Space is the next exotic vacation spot."

　　This may all sound great, but there are a few hurdles. Putting a simple satellite into orbit -with no oxygen, life support or return trip necessary-already costs an astronomical $22,000/kg. And that doesn t include the cost of insuring rich and possibly litigious passenger. John Pike of the Federation of American Scientists acerbically suggests that the entire group of entrepreneurs trying to corner the space-tourism market have between them "just enough money to blow up one rocket." The U.S. space agency has plenty of money but zero interest in making space less expensive for the little guys. So the little guys are racing to do what the government has failed to do: design a reusable launch system that s inexpensive, safe and reliable. Kelly Space s prototype looks like a plane that has sprouted rocket engines. Rotary Rocket in Redwood City, California, has a booster with rotors make a helicopter-style return to Earth; Kistler Aerospace in Kirkland, Washington, is piecing together its versions from old Soviet engines, shuttle-style thermal protection tiles and an elaborate parachute system. The first passenger countdowns a

　　are still years away, but bureaucrats at the Federal Aviation Administration in Washington are already informally discussing flight regulations. After all, you can t be too prepared for a trip to that galaxy far, far away.

　　For those who are intent on joining the 100-mile high club, Hilton and Budget are plotting to build space hotels. Before the Russian space Mir came down, some people were talking about using it as a low-rent space motel to reduce the cost. If a space hotel is finally built in space, and if you re thinking of staying in it, you may want to check the Michelin ratings before booking yourself a suite.

　　EXERCISE:

　　1. Mike Kelly planned to turn his business of making bread and butter into a business that is engaged in space tourism.

　　A） True B) False C) Not mentioned

　　2. Kelly hoped to develop space tourism, which he thought would be a good market.

　　A） True B) False C) Not mentioned

　　3. Space Adventure in Arlington has taken 130 deposits totaling $98,000 for a two hour space tour.

　　A） True B) False C) Not mentioned

　　4. It sounds great that soon there will be space residence, although it is still a tentative plan.

　　A） True B) False C) Not mentioned

　　5. Some of the hurdles space tourism faces include a lack of oxygen and life support equipment.

　　A） True B) False C) Not mentioned

　　6. Little guys, who do not have plenty of money but have great interest in space tourism, are trying to make the space travel less expensive but more reliable.

　　A） True B) False C) Not mentioned

　　7. We can infer from the context that the Michelin ratings can help people to find prices of hotels.

　　A） True B) False C) Not mentioned

　　Key: BABCBAA

　　职称英语卫生类A阅读判断练习题 4

　　Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers

　　Young female chimps are faster and better learners than young male chimps, suggests a new study, echoing learning differences seen in human girls and boys.

　　While young male chimps pass their time playing. Young female chimps carefully study their mothers. As a result, they learn how to fish for tasty termite snacks over two years before the boys.

　　Elizabeth Lonsdorf, now at Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago, US, and colleagues at the University of Minnesota, Saint Paul spent four years watching how young chimpanzees in the Gombe National Park in Tanzania learned “cultural behavior”.

　　The sex differences in learning behavior were “consistent and strikingly apparent”, says the team. The researchers point out that similar differences are seen in human children with regard to skills such as writing. “A sex-based learning differences may therefore date back at least to the last common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans.” they write in the journal Nature.

　　Chimps make flexible tools from vegetation and then them into termite mounds, extract them and then munch the termites clinging onto the tool. The researchers used video cameras to record this feeding behavior and found that each chimp mother had her own technique, such as how she used tools of different lengths.

　　Analysis of the six infants whose ages were known showed that girl chimps were an average of 31 months old when they succeeded in fishing out their termites, where the boy chimps were aged 58 months on average. Females were also more skillful at getting out more termites with every dip and used techniques similar to their mothers while males did not.

　　Instead of studying their mothers, the boy chimps spent a significantly greater amount of time frolicking around the termite mound. Behaviors such as playing or swinging might help the male infants later in life when typically male activities like hunting or fighting for dominance become important, suggest the researchers.

　　Lonsdorf adds that there just two main sources of animal protein for chimps — the termites or colobus monkeys. “Mature males often hunt monkeys up trees, but females are almost always either pregnant or burdened with a clinging infant. This makes hunting difficult,” she says .“Adult females spend more time fishing for termites than males.” So becoming proficient at termite fishing could mean adult females eat better, “They can watch their offspring at the same time. The young of both sexes seen to pursue activities related to their adult sex roles{10} at a very young age.”

　　练习:

　　1. Why do young female chimps learn faster than young male chimps at fishing for termites? A Because young female chimps don’t play with their brothers. B Because young female chimps begin to study their mothers earlier. C Because young male chimps never learn to fish for termites. D Because young male chimps are not interested in termites.

　　2. What are the tools with which chimps fish for termites? A Tree branches. B Vegetation. C Fruits. D Grass.

　　3. Which of the Following is true about chimps fishing for termites according to paragraph 6? A Males often compete with females in fishing for termites. B Males could get out more termites with every dip. C Females could get out more termites with every dip. D Males are good at mastering technique for fishing for termites.

　　4. How did the researchers explain the fact that boy chimps spent more time on playing? A They like hunting. B They enjoy fighting. C It helps them to stay fit. D It will make them good fighters and hunters in the future.

　　5. According to the last paragrnph, which of the following is NOT true? A Adult chimps hunt monkeys while young chimps fish for termites. B The main source of animal protein for male chimps is colobus monkeys. C The main source of animal protein for female chimps is termites. D Female chimps fish for termites while watching their children.

　　答案与题解 :

　　1. B 根据第二段的内容，雄性小猩猩将时间用来玩要，而雌性小猩猩则研究她们母亲的行为，因此，她们比雄性小猩猩早两年学会捕食白蚁。 A、D文中没有提到， C与问题没有关系。

　　2. B第五段的第一个句子告诉我们，猩猩用植物作成方便的工具，用来捕食白蚁。 A、C和 D均是错误的。

　　3. C 该段告诉我们，对六只小猩猩的分析表明，雌性小猩狠不但较早学会捕食白蚁 .而且能比雄性小猩猩更为熟练地捕食到更多的白蚁。所以， B和 D都不是正确选项。 A项内容文中没有提到。

　　4. D A、B和 C都是错误的，因为文中没有捉到雄性小猩猩喜欢猎食和打斗，也没有提及玩耍能使他们更健康。D是正确答案。第七段昀后一句说，他们喜欢玩耍的'行为有助于他们长大后的生活，因为，到那时，他们要猎食和争权夺位。

　　5. A 根据昀后一段的内容，成年雄猩猩主要猎食生活在树上的一种叫做 colobus（疣猴）的猴子，而雌性猩猩捕食白蚁。所以 A是正确选项。 B、C和 D的内容均可在该段中找到。

　　职称英语卫生类A阅读判断练习题 5

　　A proverb allegedly (据说) from ancient China was widely spread in the West：“If you want to be happy for a few hours，go to get drunk;if you want the happiness to last three years，get married：if you want a lifetime happiness，take up gardening.”The reason for the last option is this：Gardening is not only useful;it helps you to identify yourself with nature，and thus brings you new joy each day besides improving your health.

　　A research of a US university that I’ve read gives a definition of happiness as what makes a person feel comfortably pleased. To put it specifically, happiness is an active state of mind where one thinks one’s life is meaningful, satisfactory and comfortable. This should be something lasting rather than transitory.

　　Lots of people regard it the happiest to be at leisure. But according to the study, it is not a person with plenty of leisure but one at work that feels happy, especially those busy with work having little time for leisure. Happiness does not spell gains one is after but a desire to harvest what one is seeking for. People often do not cherish what they already have but yearn for what they cannot get. That is somewhat like a man indulging in dreams of numerous lovers while reluctant to settle down with the woman beside him.

　　Happiness is a game balancing between two ends -- what one has and what one wishes for, i.e. one’s dream and the possibility to realize it. The study comes to this conclusion: A happy man is one who aims high but never forgets his actual situation; one who meets challenges that tap his ability and potentiality; one who is proud of his achievements and the recognition given to him. He has self-respect and self-confidence; treasures his own identity and loves freedom. He is sociable and enjoys wide-range communication with others; he is helpful and ready to accept assistance. He knows he is able to endure sufferings and frustrations; he is sensible enough to get fun from daily chores. He is a man capable of love and passion.

　　1.Gardening can bring lifelong happiness because

　　A.it is a profitable business.

　　B.it can improve a gardener’s ability to remake nature.

　　C.a gardener can enjoy a very happy relationship in marriage.

　　D.nature is an unexhausted source of joy

　　正确答案:D

　　2.The research of the US university found that most people feel happy when they

　　A.are at leisure.

　　B.take the job of gardening.

　　C.are after their goals.

　　D.own great properties.

　　正确答案:C

　　3.Why does the writer mention "a man indulging in dreams of numerous lovers" (Lines 5 --6, Para. 3)?

　　A.To demonstrate the problem in marriage in modern society.

　　B.To illustrate a radical way to achieve happiness.

　　C.To criticize those who do not value what they already have.

　　D.To indicate that happiness covers something besides the desire to gain

　　正确答案:D

　　4.What kind of person is more likely to be unhappy according to the study?

　　A.The one who has self-respect and confidence.

　　B.The one who is ambitious without consideration of his actual situation.

　　C.The one who can take pleasure in communicating with others.

　　D.The one who are ready to render help and accept help from others.

　　正确答案:B

　　5.What is happiness?

　　A.A transitory state of mind.

　　B.Getting everything what one desires.

　　C.An all-working and no-leisure life.

　　D.A desire based on our actual situation.

　　正确答案:D

　　职称英语卫生类A阅读判断练习题 6

　　One of the main weapons to prevent mother-to-child transmission of the AIDS virus during birth is the drug nevirapine3. But when nevirapine is used alone just once, HIV4 starts becoming resistant to it. Research in Botswana shows that the resistance is not long lasting and that this affordable drug does not have to be abandoned forever by infected mothers who have already taken it.

　　International medical guidelines call for5 pregnant women with advanced HIV to get a combination of AIDS drugs including nevirapine to prevent passing their infection on to their newborns during delivery. But in poor countries, combinations have been expensive and nevirapine has often been Used al. one, since studies have shown that a single dose can cut the transmission rate in half.

　　The problem is that HIV resistance builds against it quickly when used alone just once because other drugs are not present to kill the virus particles that survive nevirapine. This renders the drug less effective in later combinations for treating women after their baby is born. But the new study from Botswana shows that nevirapine can make a comeback for these women if they wait until the resistance subsides.

　　“The further out you get from that exposure to single dose nevirapine, the less detectable nevirapine resistance is6,” said Shahin Lockman of the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston7. She says waiting period for women who get the single dose of nevirapine at delivery can be as short as six months. “If they started nevirapine-based treatment six or more months after nevirapine exposure, their treatment response8 was just as good, and really quite high, compared to women who did not have the single dose of nevirapine,” she added. “However, the women who started nevirapine-based treatment within six months of that nevirapine exposure were much more likely to experience treatment failure.”

　　The study published in the New England Journal oJ Medicine9 shows that waiting at least six months means that HIV-positive women are 70 percent more likely to benefit from nevirapine-based drug combinations again than women who get them sooner. An official with the U.S. government health agency that helped fund the study calls it very important.

　　I.ynne Mofenson is chief of research on child, adolescent, and maternal AIDS at the U. S. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development10. She says the finding supports a World Health Organization (WHO)H recommendation restricting a single dose of nevirapine only to pregnant HIV-infected women who are healthy enough to wait six months after childbirth for more nevirapine-based therapy. Otherwise, they should get other drugs during labor. “It shows the importance of screening women for treatment while they are pregnant and putting them on appropriate therapy while they are pregnant to avoid having to start them too soon after they received preventive therapy,” she explained.

　　Shahin Lockman in Boston says the problem of nevirapine resistance should diminish now that12 more and more people are receiving combinations of AIDS drugs under expanded U. S. and international programs to deliver them to Africa and other regions hard hit by the virus.

　　练习：

　　1. What effect does nevirapine have?

　　A. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and kills all kinds of bacteria.

　　B. It is an antiviral preparation and kills all kinds of viruses.

　　C. It prevents the transmission of the AIDS virus and protects one from heart attack.

　　D. It may prevent passing HIV infection from mothers on to their newborns during delivery.

　　2. Why does HIV resistance against nevirapine build very quickly even when the drug is used alone just once?

　　A. Because the drug is not strong enough to kill all of the HIV in the body.

　　B. Because there may not be a susceptibility test before using the drug.

　　C. Because other drugs are not present to kill the virus particles that survive nevirapine.

　　D. Because there are too many mutations of HIV for nevirapine to deal with.

　　3. When may a woman start her nevirapine-based treatment if she gets the single dose of nevirapine at delivery ?

　　A. She may start nevirapine-based treatment soon after her delivery.

　　B. She may start nevirapine-based treatment within six months after her delivery.

　　C. She has to wait at least six months after that nevirapine exposure.

　　D. She may wait several years so as to achieve the best effect.

　　4. We may learn from this passage that HIV resistance against nevirapine

　　A. lasts only for about a half year and fades quickly.

　　B. will last forever in a woman who took nevirapine.

　　C. is a terrible drug that must be banned at once.

　　D. is a problem too difficult to be solved.

　　5. Generally speaking, the author's attitude towards the use of nevirapine is

　　A. negative

　　B. positive

　　C. uncertain

　　D. doubtful

　　答案与题解：

　　1.D 第一段第一句及第二段第二句均提到nevirapine可以防止母亲在分娩时将HIV病毒传染给新生儿的问题，故D项是正确答案。

　　2.C 第三段第一句说，即使单独使用nevirapine一次，HIV病毒也会很快产生对nevirapine的抗药性，原因就是没有其他药物可以杀死nevirapine还没有杀死的病毒颗粒，这正是C项的内容。

　　3.C 第四段第二句说到，等待的时间最短可到六个月，第五段第一句又说，最少等待六个月的妇女，她们以nevirapine为主的药物综合治疗的疗效要比等待不足六个月的妇女高70%，可见C项“最少要等待六个月”是正确答案。

　　4.A 第一段第三句说到抗药性存在的.时间并不长，第四段第二句又说等待的时间可以短至六个月，另外，文章的标题也说抗药性很快消失，可见A项是正确选项，其他各项文章均未提及。

　　5.B 第一段是文章的提要，最能说明作者观点，其中最后一句就明确提到，已经服用 nevirapine的已感染上HIV的母亲们不应该放弃服用这种能用得起的药物。而且通篇文章都在探讨如何更有效地利用此药物，因此作者对使用此药的态度应该是“积极的、肯定的”。

　　职称英语卫生类A阅读判断练习题 7

　　Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk

　　Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of 1 so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London 2 in a new

　　study.

　　Statins reduce the 3 of unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack 4 .

　　In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is 5 to offset the increase in heart attack risk from 6 a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake.

　　Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins don’t cut out a11 of the 7 effects of cheeseburgers and French fries.It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether.But we’ve worked out that in terms of your 8 of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same 9 as a fast food meal increases it.” “It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they 10 , but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are l 1 free of charge.It would cost less than 5 pence per 1 2 一not much different to a sachet of sugar.” Dr Francis said.

　　When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take 13 that lower their risk, 1ike 14 a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of 1 5 some of the risks of eating a fatty meal.

　　词汇：

　　statin/'st tIn! n.降胆固醇药物

　　outlet/'autlit/ n.销售点

　　cholesterol/ k'lestrl / n.胆固醇

　　offset /,f'set/ V. 抵消，补偿

　　cheeseburger/ 'ti:z,b:ɡ / n.芝士汉堡包

　　milkshake! 'milkeik / n.奶昔

　　condiment /'kndimnt]! n .调味品

　　sachet /'stei / ii .小袋，小包

　　rational / 'rnl / adj.合理的

　　注释：

　　1. Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs: 句中的could 是一种委婉表达建议的用词，意为“可以”。

　　2. Imperial College London: 帝国理工学院。该学院于1907 年由城市和行会学校、皇家矿业学校以及皇家科学学院合并组成。学院于2007 年7月正式脱离伦敦大学成为一所独立大学。提供本科和研究生教育，共有四个学院，工程学院、医学院、自然科学院和生命科学院

　　3. LDL cholesterol: 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。LDL是low density lipoprotein(低密度脂蛋白)的缩写形式。

　　4. a wealth of trial data: 大量的试验数据。a wealth of意为“大量的，许多”。

　　5. American Journal of Cardiology: 美国心脏病学杂志

　　6. French fries:炸薯条

　　7.It makes sense...: make sense 意为“说得通，合情合理”。

　　8. a sachet of sugar: 一小袋糖。快餐店一般备有袋糖，供饮咖啡或热奶的顾客免费取用。

　　练习：

　　1.A change B charge C chain D chance

　　2.A trust B decide C suggest D calculate

　　3.A number B amount C volume D product

　　4.A frequency B treatment C diagnosis D risk

　　5.A severe B enough C weak D active

　　6.A buying B preparing C eating D cooking

　　7.A unhealthy B strong C different D doubtful

　　8.A examination B suffering C determination D possibility

　　9.A degree B dimension C angle D range

　　10.A use B hate C reject D like

　　11.A transported B provided C preserved D convened

　　12.A cook B patient C customer D visitor

　　1 3.A measures B care C advantages D turns

　　14.A buying B wearing C cleaning D changing

　　1 5.A increasing B finding C lowering D taking

　　答案与题解：

　　1. B本文介绍说，吃汉堡包等快餐食品容易引发心脏病，而服用statin能降低心脏病发作的

　　风险，一正一负正好抵消。statin 价格便宜，文章建议快餐店像免费供应调味品那样免费供

　　应statin0 free of charge 是固定搭配，意为“免费”。选择charge 是对的。

　　2. C 本题要选suggest ，因为其他三个选项在意思上都不合适。此外，本句主句的谓语动词用了could (provide) ，委婉地含有“建议”的意思。所以suggest 是个不二的选择。

　　3.B 与降低unhealthy "LDL" cholesterol 搭配的一定是amount(量)，而不可能是number

　　(数字)、volume(体积)或product (乘积)。

　　4.D从上下文判断，要降低(lower)的当然是risk。lower frequency(降低频率)、lower

　　treatment(降低治疗)或lower diagnosis (降低诊断)与上下文的意思都不匹配。

　　5. B 本句表达的意思是：Dr Darrel Francis 在他的论文中说，经过计算，一粒statin 降低心脏病发作的风险足以抵消吃一个奶酪汉堡包和喝一杯奶昔所增加的患心脏病的风险。所以本题的答案是enough。

　　6. C 顾客不可能在快餐店里preparing cheeseburger 或cooking cheeseburger，而buying

　　cheeseburger不会增加心脏病风险。所以，只有eating cheeseburger 才合乎上下文的意思。

　　7.A从上下文判断，被cut out(去除)的effects一定是unhealthy effects，所以，unhealthy是本题的答案。

　　8.D本句中的in terms of 意为“就……而言”，要与后半句“一正一负相互抵消”的意思相匹配，所以只能是“就患心脏病的可能性而言”。possibility 是答案。

　　9. A本句的意思与第五题的意思相同，即statin降低心脏病发作的风险与快餐增加的'心脏病

　　的风险在程度(degree)上大致相当。如果选择其他三个选项，意思变成了，“尺寸

　　(dimension)上、角度(angle)上或范围(range)上大致相当”，就说不通了。

　　1O.D 填词所在的句子的意思告诉我们，具有讽刺意味的一点是：顾客可以随心所欲地免费享用不健康的调味品。as one likes 是固定用法，意为“随某人所愿，随某人所喜欢”。所以，

　　like 是答案。其余三个选项用在本句中都不合适。

　　11.B transported (运输)、preserved (保存)或converted (转换)填人句子中，意思都不顺。只有填入provided (提供)符合句意。provided 是答案。

　　12.C 到快餐店去就餐的人当然是customer。

　　13.A 为了降低开车和吸烟的风险，人们被鼓励要采取一些安全措施。作者借此说明为了降低食用快餐的风险，我们也要采取措施。根据这层意思，选择measures是正确的。take

　　measure的意思是“采取措施”。其他三个选项都不合适：take care是“注意，小心”，take

　　advantage 是“利用”，take turns 是“轮流，依次”。

　　14.B 本题很明显要选wearing，因为上下文的意思是“系上安全带”。buying a seatbelt,

　　cleaning a seatbelt和changing a seatbelt都与上下文的意思相去太远。

　　15. C通篇文章都在阐述statin能降低患心脏病的风险。所以，lowering(降低)是答案。

　　职称英语卫生类A阅读判断练习题 8

　　Hearts and kidneys: If one’s diseased, better keep a close eye on1 the other. Surprising new research shows kidney disease somehow speeds up heart disease well before it has ravaged the kidneys. And perhaps not so surprising, doctors have finally proven that heart disease can trigger kidney destruction, too.

　　The work, from two studies involving over 50,000 patients, promises to boost efforts to diagnose simmering kidney disease earlier. All it takes are urine and blood tests that cost less than $ 25, something proponents want to become as routine as cholesterol checks. 2 “The average patient knows their cholesterol,”says Dr. Peter McCullough, preventive medicine chief at Michigan’s William Beaumont Hospital. “The average patient has no idea of3 their kidney function.”

　　Chronic kidney disease, or CKD, is a quiet epidemic: Many of the 19 million Americans estimated to have it don’t know they do. The kidneys lose their ability to filter waste out of the bloodstream so slowly that symptoms aren't obvious until the organs are very damaged. End-stage kidney failure is rising fast, with 400,000 people requiring dialysis or a transplant to survive, a toll that has doubled in each of the last two decades.

　　And while CKD patients often are terrified of having to go on dialysis, the hard truth is that most will die of heart disease before their kidneys disintegrate to that point, something kidney specialists have recognized for several years but isn't widely known, s Indeed, the new research is highlighted in this month's Archives of Internal Medicine with a call for doctors who care for heart patients to start rigorously checking out the kidneys, and for better care of early kidney disease. 7

　　The link sounds logical. After alla , high blood pressure and diabetes are chief risk factors for both chronic kidney disease and heart attacks. But the link goes beyond" those risk factors, stresses McCullough: Once the kidneys begin to fail, something in turn10 accelerates heart disease, not just in the obviously sick or very old, but at what he calls “a shockingly early age.” McCullough and colleagues tracked more than 37,000 relatively young people—average age 53 — who volunteered for a kidney screening. Three markers of kidney function were checked: The rate at which kidneys filter blood, called the GFR or glomerular filtration rate11; levels of the protein albumin in the urinei and if they were anemic. They also were asked about previously diagnosed heart disease.

　　The odds of having heart disease rose steadily as each of the kidney markers worsened. More striking was the death data. At this age, few deaths are expected, and indeed just 191 people died during the study period. But those who had both CKD and known heart disease had a threefold increased risk of death in a mere 2 1/2 years, mostly from heart problems. “This study is very much a wake-up call,” McCullough says.

　　练习：

　　1. How can one learn earlier whether he or she suffer simmering kidney disease?

　　A. By cholesterol checks.

　　B. By urine and blood tests.

　　C. By keeping a close eye on one's kidneys.

　　D. By measuring the volume of urine output.

　　2. How many Americans suffer chronic kidney disease according to an estimation?

　　A. 1,9,000,000.

　　B. 400,000.

　　C. 50,000.

　　D. 37,000.

　　3. How many Americans suffered end-stage kidney failure and required dialysis or a transplant to survive twenty years ago according to an estimation?

　　A. 400,000.

　　B. 300,000.

　　C. 200,000.

　　D. 100,000.

　　4. What did the Archives of Internal Medicine call for doctors caring for heart patients to do?

　　A. To examine their patients' heart function carefully.

　　B. To have their patients' chests X-ra Yed regularly.

　　C. To select volunteers from their patients for a kidney screening.

　　D. To start rigorously checking out their patients' kidneys.

　　5. Which of the following is NOT one of the three markers of kidney function?

　　A. Levels of the protein albumin in the urine.

　　B. Levels of the white blood cells in the blood.

　　C. The rate at which kidneys filter blood.

　　D. Whether one is anemic or not

　　答案与题解：

　　1.B 第二段第一、二句说到，加速慢性肾病的诊断所使用的方法就是尿检和血检，故B项为正确答案。

　　2.A 第三段第一句说。在估计患有慢性肾病的`1，900万美国人呼叫很多人不知道自己患此病，可见A项是正确答案。

　　3.D 第三段最后一句说.终末期肾衰竭病人数日迅速增加，有40万人需要肾透析或肾移植才能存活.这个数字在近20年小每10年翻一番。按此计算，10年前应为20万人，20年前就应是10万人，故正确答案应为1)。

　　4.D 第四段最后一句说到，《内科档案》杂志号召为心脏病人治病的医生要开始严格地检查病人的肾脏，D项正是它要求做的事情。

　　5.B 第五段倒数第二句列㈩了肾功能的三个标志物.选项C、A、D均包括在内，唯独没有B项，故B项是本题答案。

　　职称英语卫生类A阅读判断练习题 9

　　Do you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us? One hundred years ago the average woman 1ived to be 45.But now，she Can live until at least 80.

　　One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better.We know which foods are good for US and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need.We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again.And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily.

　　But in order that we don’t slip back into bad habits，let’s have a look at what life was like 100 years ago.

　　Families had between 15 and 20 children，athough many babies didn’t live long.Children suffered from lots of diseases，especially rickets(佝偻病)and scurvy(坏血病)，which are both caused by bad diets.This is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their children well.

　　Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up, bending over a piece of string，because there was no room for them to lie down.

　　People didn’t have fridges until the 1920s.They kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills(窗台板)，blocks of ice，or even burying it in the garden.

　　Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight lo earn money for their parents.If you had lived 100 years ago，you might well be selling matchsticks(火柴杆)(a job done by many children)or working with your dad by now.

　　16 On average women lived longer than men 1 00 years ago.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　17 People now enjoy longer lives for unknown reasons.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　18 A hundred years ago many kids died at all early age.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　19 Poor diets can lead to such diseases as rickets and scurvy.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　20 People in the past preferred standing up to lying down when sleeping

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　21 An Englishman invented the fridge in the 1920s.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned