托福阅读理解考前冲刺题及答案

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托福阅读理解考前冲刺题及答案

　　阅读理解是根据文章内容，找出答案的一种题目，下面是小编提供的2017托福阅读理解考前冲刺题，做完记得对答案哦!

托福阅读理解考前冲刺题及答案

　　托福阅读理解考前冲刺题及答案 1

　　Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for a certain length of time will be destroyed. Therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typically the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion.

　　The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans. Ancient swamps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swamps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.

　　Only a small fraction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon become depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earths surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This makes for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species.

　　The best fossils are those composed of unaltered remains. Generally, it is the inorganic hard parts, composed mostly of calcium carbonate, that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.

　　1. According to the passage , an organism without hard body parts

　　(A) is not likely to appear in the fossil record

　　(B) is not heavy enough to sink below the surface

　　(D) takes a long time to decay

　　2. The word "agents" in line 5 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) dangers

　　(B) examples

　　(D) causes

　　3. Why are marine organisms good candidates for fossilization?

　　(A) They have more fleshy structures than land organisms.

　　(B) It is likely that they will be buried rapidly.

　　(D) It takes longer for them to be preserved.

　　4. The fact that the "land is largely the site of erosion" (line 7 - 8) is significant because

　　(A) erosion is less destructive than sedimentation.

　　(B) fossils are most common in areas subject to erosion.

　　(D) few organisms live in areas that experience extensive erosion.

　　5. According to the passage , why were the remains of organisms trapped in swamps better preserved for the fossil record than those that were not?

　　(A) The swamp environment reduced the amount of bacterial decay.

　　(B) Swamp waters contained higher amounts of materials such as calcium carbonate.

　　(D) Swamp vegetation accelerated the decomposition of organisms.

　　6. The word "aided" in line 13 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) reversed

　　(B) helped

　　(D) counted

　　7. It can be inferred that flood plains, deltas, and stream channels (lines 14 - 15) are similar in which of the following ways?

　　(A) Animals rather than plants have been preserved at such locations.

　　(B) Such locations are likely to be rich sources of fossils.

　　(D) Rapid sedimentation in such locations makes it difficult to locate fossils.

　　8. What is the authors main point in paragraph 3?

　　(A) Weathering makes it impossible to identify many fossils.

　　(B) Many fossils have been buried forever under the soil.

　　(D) It is easier to find the remains of plants than animals.

　　9. Why does the author mention "aragonite" in line 27

　　(A) To explain why fossils are rare

　　(B) To compare aragonite fossils and calcite fossils

　　(D) To illustrate the kinds of inorganic hard parts that can form fossils

　　参考答案：

　　CADAD ACBD

　　托福阅读理解考前冲刺题及答案 2

　　The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style, characterized by sinuous lines, floral and vegetable motifs, and soft evanescent coloration. The Art Nouveau style was an eclectic one, bringing together elements of Japanese art, motifs of ancient cultures, and natural forms. The glass objects of this style were elegant in outline, although often deliberately distorted, with pale or iridescent surfaces. A favored device of the style was to imitate the iridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been buried. Much of the Art Nouveau glass produced during the years of its greatest popularity had been generically termed “art glass.” Art glass was intended for decorative purposes and relied for its effect upon carefully chosen color combinations and innovative techniques.

　　France produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style; among the most celebrated was Emile Galle (1846-1904). In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today. Tiffany was a brilliant designer, successfully combining ancient Egyptian, Japanese, and Persian motifs.

　　The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920s. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century. At first restricted to a small avant-garde group of architects and designers, Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon designers after the First World War. The basic tenet of the movement — that function should determine form — was not a new concept. Soon a distinct aesthetic code evolved: form should be simple, surfaces plain, and any ornament should be based on geometric relationships. This new design concept, coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades, created an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor. The new taste demanded dramatic effects of contrast, stark outline and complex textural surfaces.

　　1. What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss?

　　(A) Design elements in the Art Nouveau style

　　(B) The popularity of the Art Nouveau style

　　(D) Color combinations typical of the Art Nouveau style

　　2. The word “one” in line 4 refers to

　　(A) century

　　(B) development

　　(D) coloration

　　3. Paragraph 1 mentions that Art Nouveau glass was sometimes similar to which aspect of ancient buried glass?

　　(A) The distortion of the glass

　　(B) The appearance of the glass surface

　　(D) The size of the glass objects