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限制性定语从句关系词
限制性定语从句关系词:
that作主语或宾语
指物
1) It is Mount Tai that lies in Shandong Province.(作主语)
2) That is the most interesting story (that) i have ever heard of.(作宾语)
指人
1) Who is the man that is reading a book over there?(作主语)
2) The girl (that) we saw yesterday is his sister.(作宾语)
which作主语或宾语
指物
1) My favorite place is Kunming which is known as the Spring City.(作主语)
2) This is the place (which) he would like to visit.(作宾语)
who,whom,和whose分别作主语,宾语和定语
(先行词在主句和从句中都作宾语时用whom)
指人
1) The tall man who is playing basketball is Yao Ming.(作主语)
2) That is the girl (whom) i met at the party yesterday.(作宾语)
3) Is this the boy whose parents went to Canada last year.(作定语)
when,where和,why分别作时间状语,地点状语和原因状语
1) I shall never forget the day when we first met in a park.(作时间状语)
2) My favorite city is Beijing where i can visit the Great Wall.(作地点状语)
3) This is the reason why you should leave.(作原因状语)
[注]:that和which都可指物,且在句中都可作主语和宾语,多数情况下可以互换。但在以下情况中,关系代词只能用that,不能用which。
1.先行词既指人又指物。
⒉先行词是不定代词all,everything,nothing,anything,much,little,few等。
⒊先行词被all,every,any,little,only,much,no等修饰时,或先行词本身是all,much,everything,anything,no以及no构成的复合词。
⒋先行词被形容词及序数词的最高级修饰。
⒌先行词被the only,the very,the last,the same修饰。
⒍ 有两个或两个以上分别表示人或物的先行词。
⒎主句以who,what,which开头的特殊疑问句。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
区别一:形式不同
限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开,口语中使用时有停顿。
区别二:功能不同
限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别,如果去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用,如果省略,句意仍然清楚、完整。
如:
People who take physical exercise live longer.
进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)
His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week.
他女儿现在在波士顿,下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)
区别三:翻译不同
在翻译定语从句时,一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的`先行词之前,而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。
如:
He is the man whose car was stolen.
他就是汽车被窃的那个人。
I've invited Jim, who lives in the next flat.
我邀请了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。
区别四:含义不同
比较下面的两个句子:
I have a sister who is a doctor.
我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)
I have a sister, who is a doctor.
我有一个姐姐,她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)
区别五:先行词不同
限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词,而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词,也可以是短语或句子;另外,当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时,通常要用非限制性定语从句,而不用限制性定语从句。
如:
Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous.
彼得开车很快,这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast)
He changed his mind, which made me very angry.
他改变了主意,这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)
Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week.
我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。
(先行词为专有名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰)
Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad.
她父亲很有钱,希望她出国学习。
(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰)
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