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考研英语如何解完形填空的词汇辨析题
词汇辨析题是考研英语完形填空必要考察的一类题型，大家一定要掌握，虽然完型投入产出比不高，但是必要的方法技巧还是应该多看看。小编为大家精心准备了考研英语完形填空词汇辨析题的做题方法，欢迎大家前来阅读。
考研英语完形填空词汇辨析题的解法
一、形近词辨析
所谓形近词辨析就是指单词看起来很像，但词义截然不同，需要考生根据上下文选择适合语境的词义，主要考查学生的词汇认知能力。例如：publicity，penalty，popularity，peculiarity首字母都为p，结尾都为ity，考生往往会混淆，但public，popular，peculiar都是考生很熟悉的单词，而ity为大家熟知的名词尾缀，因此可以大体判断出词义，penalty是法律上常用单词，意近punishment，表示惩罚，例如death penalty意为死刑。
应对此类题目，考生需要掌握一定词根词缀知识，对单词记忆准确，在复习时可以有意识将遇到的形近词组合成词群进行记忆。
二、义近词辨析
义近词则辨析是指单词意思相近，难度比形近词更大，考频也更高，这样的题型要求考生不仅认识大体意思，更要明确单词的确切含义、搭配、修饰关系、性质(如名词可数不可数，动词及物不及物等)。例如： natives，inhabitants，peoples，individuals都与人有关，但意义侧重不同native为当地人，土著，inhabitant表示居民，peoples复数表示民族，individual强调个体的人。除了基本的意义区分外，还要注意搭配关系(动词和名词搭配，名词和介词搭配等)以及修饰关系(例如修饰语词性和意义的区分)。
【题目演练】
1. Because of strong winds and severe storms, the Mayflower lost its .
[A] course
[B] route
[C] passage
[D] channel
【答案】A
【考点】近义词辨析
【解析】空格处填入的名词作lost的宾语，因此此题关键是判断那个选项可与lost搭配且符合文意。四个选项构成的动宾搭配分别表示“迷失航向”、“迷失路线”、“迷失航程”和“迷失海峡”，显然不存在后两种搭配，首先排除[C]和[D]。由于文中具体指出了是海上航行，因此排除常指“地面路线”的route，最佳答案为[A]course。
2. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate smell receptors in the nose.
[A]unusual
[B]particular
[C]unique
[D]typical
【答案】B
【考点】修饰搭配
【解析】本题目选择形容词，修饰后面的名词。句子叙述到This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate smell receptors in the nose. "这意味着有些人的鼻子里缺少某种基因，这种基因是激发人鼻子里的……气味感知器所必需的。"选项A. unusual 不寻常的;B. particular 特别的`，特定的;C. unique 独一无二的;D. typical 典型的。这种"气味感知器"具有感知气味这种特定的功能。因此，正确答案为B。
3. This suggests that dimmer bulbs burn longer, that there is an in not being too terrifically bright.
[A] tendency
[B] advantage
[C] inclination
[D] priority
【答案】B
【考点】搭配辨析
【解析】本题目选择名词，并与in搭配。选项A. tendency 趋势，倾向，后面常接介词for或动词不定式，如：a tendency for sth.或a tendency to do sth.(做)某事的倾向;B. advantage 优势，后常接介词in，即an advantage in sth. 在某方面具有优势;C. inclination倾向，意愿，倾斜度，后常接介词for或动词不定式，即an inclination for sth.或an inclination to do sth.想做某事;D. priority 优先权，后常接over，如：take priority over sth./sb. (比某事/某人)具有优先权。且从上下文语义来看，前面说越不亮的灯泡用的时间越长，所以这里语义应为"灯泡不太亮是有优势的"，故B为正确选项。
考研英语阅读主旨题怎么解
Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?
The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.
Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.
Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.
One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.
We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.
[A] oil-price shocks are less shocking now
[B] inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks
[C] energy conservation can keep down the oil prices
[D] the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry
[正确答案]A
[解题思路]文章第一段和第二段指出油价在上涨。第三段首句转折并指出，现在油价上涨的后果不会像70年代那样严重。第四段首句指出富裕国家对石油的依赖程度比以前低。最后，第五段首句提到油价上涨不会导致人们失眠(lose sleep)的原因。综上所述，油价的上涨对人们的影响不大。因此A选项最符合文意。
[干扰排除]选项B与第一段第四句话相反，故排除。选项C和选项D在文章中没有提及。
[核心词汇]doom厄运 strengthen加强 severe严重的 swing波动 excess过量的
主旨题解题方法讲解
If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.Depending on whom youare addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a groupof managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries;alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment ontheir disorganized bosses.
Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shownaround by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunnyweather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until,waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a manin a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stompsover to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter.“Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.”
If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you tomake a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties.With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut inwith humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks abouttheir canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick toscapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.
If you feel awkward beinghumorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a fewcasual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxedand unforced manner.Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience tosmile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving lookmay help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.
Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected.A twist on a familiar quote“If at first you don’t succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation.Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out afew words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.
The best title for the text may be__________.
[A]Use Humor Effectively [B] Various Kinds of Humor
[C] Add Humor to Speech [D] Different Humor Strategies
[正确答案]A
[解题思路] 文章第一段至第三段都在讲一个问题，那就是如果要使用幽默让人笑，必须与人分享共同的问题。第四段讲幽默表达需要自然随意。第五段讲了一些幽默的方法、策略。从整篇文章来看，主要是讲前三的表述的这样一个问题，即如何使用幽默让人发笑，即有效的使用幽默，故选项[A]正确。
[干扰排除] 选项[B]属于无中生有。选项[C]是由文章最后一段最后一句话而来，只是局部信息，不是全文的中心思想。选项[D]是最后一段的概括，同样不是全文的中心思想。
[核心词汇] strategy 策略 position位置 remark评论 inject with加入 alternatively或者
醍醐灌顶：文章中划下划线的句子就是我们找中心需要读的句子。如果这些句子还没有找到中心，那么久需要大家把首段的最后一句和中间各段的末句也读了。
找中心一定要边看边总结，才能区分出主要观点和次要观点。正确答案一般是主要观点，次要观点一般都是错误选项。切忌不可以一口气看完!
正式在练习和考场做题，每一篇文章一定先找到中心之后再做题，中心是“阅读的根”。
考研英语冲刺复习常见的近义易混词
▶1、compel，constrain，force，oblige都有“强迫”的意思。
▶compel v.强迫，迫使，常表示运用权利、力量迫使对方做某事;有时也表示“别无办法，不得不做”。
eg:His illness compelled him to stay in bed. 他的病迫使他卧床休息。
▶constrain v.力劝，强迫，与compel意思相近，但更多强调内心情感(如道德、怜悯等)的强迫和限制作用，一般用于正式的场合。
eg:As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained by the same rules of social conduct as other people. 他认为自己是艺术家，不必象一般人那样要受到社会行为准则的约束。
▶force v.强迫，迫使，暴力威胁的意味较浓，常用于被动语态。
eg:The thief forced her to hand over the money. 强盗逼迫她把钱交出来。
▶oblige v.(因法律、习俗等)强迫，迫使，常常用于被动。
eg:We are obliged to stop the car at a red light. 我们遇到红灯时必须停车。
▶2、comprise，compose，consist，constitute，include这一组动词都有“组成，包含”的意思。
▶comprise v.包含，包括，由……组成(整体);组成，构成。
eg:Our company's product line comprises 2，500 different items. 我们公司的生产线是由2，500个不同的组成部分构成的。
▶compose v.构成(整体)，组成;由……组成(后接of，常用于被动语态);创作(作曲、诗歌等).
eg:The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents. 委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成。
▶consist v.组成，构成，由……组成(后接of，常用于主动语态);(后接in)在于，存在于。
eg:The problem consists of two parts. 问题由两部分组成。
eg:The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity. 这计划的好处就在于简单易行。
▶constitute v.构成，组成(整体).
eg:Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems. 犯罪和非法毒品买卖是这个城市面临的主要问题。
▶include v.包括，包含，把……列入。
▶3、confinement，limitation，restraint“限制，局限”
▶Confinement n.限制，囚禁(于某地或某种境地).
eg:The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement. 那犯人被判处单独监禁三个月。
▶Limitation n.限制，局限;(能力的)缺点，弱点。
eg:That employee has limitations on what work he can do. 那个雇员能做的工作有限。
▶restraint n.克制，抑制;约束措施。
eg:Even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and didn't yell at her child. 即使母亲很生气，她仍克制自己没有向孩子大吼。
▶4、convert，invert，revert，transform都有“转变”的意思。
▶convert v.转变，变换，含有“使某人改变观点”的意思。
eg:He wants to convert to Catholicism. 他要皈依天主教。
▶invert v.使颠倒，使倒转，使反向。常常表示位置、顺序、方向等的颠倒。
eg:The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice. 婴儿把杯子打翻，弄洒了里面的橙汁。
▶revert v.归还，恢复原状。指回到原来的状态或情形。
eg:John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died, ownership reverted back to John. 约翰送给他的哥哥一所房子，当他的哥哥去世后，房子的所有权重新归于约翰。
▶transform v.改变，转变，指形状、颜色、大小、性质等的改变。
▶5、credible，credulous，plausible都有“可信”的意思。
▶credible a.可信的，可靠的。
eg:That the student told the teacher a credible story that she missed classes because she was sick. 那个学生跟老师讲了实情，她没来上课是因为她病了。
▶credulous a.轻信的，易于相信的。
eg:She was credulous when she listened to the salesman and bought the car for too much money. 她很容易轻信别人，竟然听信那个销售员的话以高价买了那辆车。
▶plausible a.似乎有理的(可信的)，常带有怀疑的意思。
eg:Even though it is a plausible explanation, I am not completely convinced. 虽然这个解释合理，但仍不可能使我完全相信。
▶6、decline，refuse，reject，deny都有“拒绝”的意思。
▶decline v.婉言拒绝，谢绝，相当于refuse politely，主要用于拒绝有关社交活动的邀请或要求帮助的请求，后接名词或动词不定式，主语只能是人。
▶refuse v.是比较普通的用词，表示“拒绝”，含有非常坚决地、不客气地拒绝的意思。
▶reject v.抛弃，不采纳，主语可以是人或物，后接名词，不能接动词不定式。
eg:He asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him. 他三次约她去看电影，但每一次都被拒绝。
▶deny v.否认，否定，其后可接名词，代词或that从句。
eg:The defendant denied the accusations made against him in court. 被告在法庭上否认了对他的指控。
形近易混词：
▶1、certify，rectify，testify，verify
▶certify v.证明，声称是真的。
eg:He certified it was his wife's handwriting. 他证明那是他妻子的手迹。
▶rectify v.改正，纠正;整顿。
eg:He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording. 他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错。
▶testify v.(在法庭上)宣誓作证;表明。
eg:He is the only person who can testify in this case. 他是这件案例中唯一可以作证的人。
▶verify v.(用事实)证实或核实。
eg:I verified the store's address by calling to check it. 我打电话询问，以核实商店的地址。
▶2、considerable，considerate
▶considerable a.相当大的，相当多的;值得考虑的。
eg:That family owns a considerable amount of land. 那个家族拥有大量的土地。
▶considerate a.考虑周到的，体贴的，后面常跟of结构。
eg:He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic. 他总是很体谅别人，他很慈善并且富有同情心。
▶3、conserve，preserve，reserve
▶conserve v.保存，保藏，保护(强调节约).
eg:In winter， some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night. 冬天，为节约能源有些人在夜里把暖气调小。
▶preserve v.保护;维持;保养;防止(食物)腐败(使不受破坏).
eg:The government preserves the rights of the individual person. 政府保护个人的权利不受侵犯。
▶reserve v.保留，储备(强调为某一特殊目的);订(座位)，预定。
eg:We are reserving these seats for my parents. 我们把这些座位留给我的父母。
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